ArticleBMJ open2023
Factors associated with viral load non-suppression in people living with HIV on ART in Nigeria: cross-sectional analysis from 2017 to 2021.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and factors associated with viral non-suppression in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Population Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors in Tanzania: Findings From 2 Sequential Tanzania HIV Impact Surveys of 2016-2017 and 2022-2023.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Determinants of viral load non-suppression among adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Ambo town, Ethiopia: A case-control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Place of Residence on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Review
- Factors associated with viral load re-suppression after enhanced adherence counseling among people living with HIV with an initial high viral load result in selected Nigerian states.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Virological non-suppression and associated factors among adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at selected health facilities in uMgungundlovu district of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV service delivery and viral suppression: Findings from the SHARP program in Northern Nigeria.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIdentify factors (demographic and clinical) associated with a non-suppressed viral load (VL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria.
designCross-sectional study.
settingSixteen US Agency for International Development supported states in Nigeria.
participants585 632 PLHIV on ART. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: VL non-suppression (defined as having a VL of at least 1000 HIV RNA copies per mL of plasma). χ
resultsSixty-six per cent of the study population were females. The largest age groups were 25-34 and 35-44, accounting for 32.1% and 31.1%, respectively. Males had a 9% greater likelihood (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=1.09) of being non-suppressed. The age groups below 60+ (APR=0.67) had a higher likelihood of a non-suppressed VL, with the highest in the 0-14 age group (APR=2.38). Clients enrolled at tertiary and secondary level facilities had the greatest likelihood of a non-suppressed VL. Clients who started ART between 2010 and 2015 had the greatest likelihood of viral non-suppression (APR=6.19). A shorter time on ART (<1 year (APR=3.92)) was associated with a higher likelihood of a non-suppressed VL. Clients receiving care at private facilities had a lower likelihood of viral non-suppression in the adjusted model. Clients in the Edo (APR=2.66) and Niger (APR=2.54) states had the greatest likelihood of viral non-suppression.
conclusionsTargeting males, clients of younger age, those on treatment for less than 3 years, clients at tertiary and secondary health facilities, small and medium facilities, and clients in the Edo, Niger and Borno states for interventions could lead to improvements in VL suppression in Nigeria. The independent factors associated with a non-suppressed VL can guide improvements in ART programme development and VL suppression of PLHIV on ART in Nigeria.
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