Tofacitinib to Treat Severe Acute Refractory Colitis in a Teenager: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Acute severe colitis (ASC) may occur within 3 months of ulcerative colitis diagnosis in 9%-15% of children and the rate of colectomy is up to 40%-50% within 5 years after an ASC. The aim of this publication is to present recent and relevant data on the success of medical treatment with tofacitinib in ASC. Methods: We report a challenging case of a teenage boy with ASC at diagnosis and conduct a discussion after a review of the literature regarding the use of tofacitinib in inflammatory bowel disease, especially in pediatric patients and in ASC. Results: The patient was hospitalized for 10 weeks and was refractory to conventional therapies: intravenous corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, and vedolizumab. He received 7 blood transfusions and also presented with a severe malnutrition requiring a total parenteral nutrition. Tofacitinib was considered as a medical last resort before colectomy and was started at week 8. Thirteen days after starting tofacitinib, he was asymptomatic and was discharged on tofacitinib as sole treatment. By week 9 of tofacitinib, a colonoscopy showed both endoscopic and histological remission. He has remained in clinical remission at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: Tofacitinib may be an alternative medical treatment to avoid colectomy in ASC. It is a small molecule with a rapid onset and few severe adverse events. It has been used for ASC in adult patients, allowing to avoid colectomy in more than 60%. To our knowledge, this is one of the few pediatric patients with refractory ASC at initial diagnosis who responded to tofacitinib.