ReviewCirculation research2023
COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis.
Review in Circulation research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiviral innate immunity in myocarditis: mechanisms and emerging therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on Myocarditis Incidence: A Comparative Analysis of Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Pandemic Eras.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2026Article
- A forgotten cause of chest pain in the United States: a case report on acute rheumatic fever.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Detection of bovine coronavirus in myocardial tissue of a naturally infected calf.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Dysregulated host miRNAs with antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2 identified from COVID-19 patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Trends of Acute Pericarditis-Related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2023: An Observational Analysis.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2026Article
- "Bridging the clinical, molecular and genetic perspectives on myocarditis in post-COVID-19 era".International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Association between COVID-19 vaccination and sudden death in apparently healthy younger individuals: A population-based case-control study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Five-year cardiovascular outcomes following COVID-19-associated carditis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Recurrent Myocarditis After COVID Vaccination in a Patient With FLNC Mutation Undergoing Treatment for Lymphoma.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- The importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial calcium signaling in health and disease: an updated outlook on inflammation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Zinc: a metallic shield against cardiac inflammation.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2026Review
- High incidence of post-discharge cardiovascular mortality after COVID-19 hospitalization: a data-linkage study in Southern Iran.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Myocarditis in the Modern Era: Navigating Diagnosis, Innovative Treatments, the COVID-19 Challenge and the Role of Artificial Intelligence.Cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Myocardial inflammation in myocarditis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Myocarditis After mRNA Vaccination: A Metabolic-Innate Immune Cascade Centered on Lipid Nanoparticles.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Review
- Observational
- Evolving Trends and Drug Class Dynamics in Drug-Induced Myocarditis: A 2-Decade Comparative Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Combined Adaptive Immune Mechanisms Mediate Cardiac Injury After COVID-19 Vaccination.Circulation · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Viral infections are a leading cause of myocarditis and pericarditis worldwide, conditions that frequently coexist. Myocarditis and pericarditis were some of the early comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted since that time concluding that SARS-CoV-2 increased the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis at least 15× over pre-COVID levels although the condition remains rare. The incidence of myocarditis pre-COVID was reported at 1 to 10 cases/100 000 individuals and with COVID ranging from 150 to 4000 cases/100 000 individuals. Before COVID-19, some vaccines were reported to cause myocarditis and pericarditis in rare cases, but the use of novel mRNA platforms led to a higher number of reported cases than with previous platforms providing new insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms. The incidence of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis/pericarditis covers a large range depending on the vaccine platform, age, and sex examined. Importantly, the findings highlight that myocarditis occurs predominantly in male patients aged 12 to 40 years regardless of whether the cause was due to a virus-like SARS-CoV-2 or associated with a vaccine-a demographic that has been reported before COVID-19. This review discusses findings from COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis and pericarditis considering the known symptoms, diagnosis, management, treatment, and pathogenesis of disease that has been gleaned from clinical research and animal models. Sex differences in the immune response to COVID-19 are discussed, and theories for how mRNA vaccines could lead to myocarditis/pericarditis are proposed. Additionally, gaps in our understanding that need further research are raised.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.