ArticlePloS one2023
Targeted social marketing of PrEP and the stigmatization of black sexual minority men.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness of a culturally tailored HIV intervention in promoting PrEP among black women who use drugs in community supervision programs in New York City: a randomized clinical trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Trial
- "It's Not Secret-It's Not Advertised" - Content, Format, and Platform Preferences to Promote PrEP Use in the Southern United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Extreme Community PrEP Stigma Perceptions as a Potential Deterrent to PrEP Use Among Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Deep South.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Recommendations from Black gay and bisexual men for developing a public health campaign to promote awareness of long-acting injectable PrEP within their community.Culture, health & sexuality · 2026Article
- Article
- Promoting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the US Deep South: A Qualitative Exploration of Promotion Perceptions and Preferences.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Demand Creation: Overlooked Populations and Opportunities to Move Forward.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Swiping right on PrEP: a qualitative study of MSM preferences for PrEP public health messaging on dating apps.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Crowdsourcing is Acceptable to Develop Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Promotions in Alabama: A Qualitative Study with Sexual Minority Men and Sexual Health Providers.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
- Effects of Recruitment Messaging on Ethnic/Racial Minority Screening in a RCT for Prenatal Insomnia: An Experimental Approach.Behavioral sleep medicineArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Disparities in HIV incidence and PrEP uptake suggest a need to prioritize Black sexual minority men (SMM) in PrEP social marketing initiatives. However, images linking Black SMM to HIV and PrEP may inadvertently reinforce stigma. We examined HIV-negative/status-unknown Black SMM's responses to targeted PrEP advertisements using mixed methods, including an experiment embedded in a longitudinal online survey (Time 1: n = 96; Time 2 [eight weeks]: n = 73) and four focus groups (n = 18). The full factorial experiment included between-groups and within-subjects comparisons. For between-groups comparisons, each participant was randomly assigned to view one of 12 advertisements, which varied by couple composition (Black SMM couple/Black heterosexual couple/multiple diverse couples/no couples) and campaign (PrEPare for the Possibilities/PlaySure/PrEP4Love). We examined couple composition, campaign, and interaction effects on: advertisement judgments (Time 1), PrEP stigma (Time 1), PrEP motivation (Times 1 and 2), and PrEP behavior (Time 2). For within-subjects comparisons, each participant viewed all 12 advertisements, and we examined couple composition, campaign, and interaction effects on advertisement judgments (Time 2). Focus group participants discussed advertising preferences and responded to the same set of advertisements. For between-groups and within-subjects comparisons, we found significant couple composition effects but no or limited campaign and interaction effects on advertisement judgments. Advertisements featuring Black SMM exclusively were judged as more stigmatizing than advertisements without couples. Advertisements with diverse (vs. no) couples were considered more eye-catching and motivating. There were minimal effects of couple composition and campaign on PrEP stigma, motivation, and behavior. Focus group participants corroborated concerns about the potential for PrEP advertisements to be stigmatizing, suggesting advertisements featuring Black SMM exclusively could be alienating and fuel conspiracy theories. Focus group participants generally favored diverse and less sexualized advertisements, particularly for public spaces. Findings collectively highlight the potential for targeted PrEP advertisements to stigmatize Black SMM and support diverse representation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.