ArticlePhysical and engineering sciences in medicine2023
MarLe: Markerless estimation of head pose for navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Physical and engineering sciences in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Achieving greater accuracy in transcranial magnetic stimulation corticospinal evaluation and motor mapping by improving motor evoked potential recording: an emerging issue.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2025Article
- Toward standardized MEP recording? Exploring the role of electrode configuration in TMS studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Automatic Neurocranial Landmarks Detection from Visible Facial Landmarks Leveraging 3D Head Priors.Clinical image-based procedures, fairness of AI in medical imaging, and ethical and philosophical issues in medical imaging : 12th International Workshop, CLIP 2023 1st International Workshop, FAIMI 2023 and 2nd International Workshop, ... · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a valuable tool for non-invasive brain stimulation. Currently, nTMS requires fixing of markers on the patient's head. Head marker displacements lead to changes in coil placement and brain stimulation inaccuracy. A markerless neuronavigation method is needed to increase the reliability of nTMS and simplify the nTMS protocol. In this study, we introduce and release MarLe, a Python markerless head tracker neuronavigation software for TMS. This novel software uses computer-vision techniques combined with low-cost cameras to estimate the head pose for neuronavigation. A coregistration algorithm, based on a closed-form solution, was designed to track the patient's head and the TMS coil referenced to the individual's brain image. We show that MarLe can estimate head pose based on real-time video processing. An intuitive pipeline was developed to connect the MarLe and nTMS neuronavigation software. MarLe achieved acceptable accuracy and stability in a mockup nTMS experiment. MarLe allows real-time tracking of the patient's head without any markers. The combination of face detection and a coregistration algorithm can overcome nTMS head marker displacement concerns. MarLe can improve reliability, simplify, and reduce the protocol time of brain intervention techniques such as nTMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.