ReviewImmunity2023
Cytokines as emerging regulators of central nervous system synapses.
Review in Immunity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Antidepressants in Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Pooled it
- Dynamic Cytokine Relationships Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Humans and Nonhuman Primates-Implications for Psychiatric Illness: A Systematic Review.Biological psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular insights into glial neuroimmune cross reactivity with CNS antigens and its role in neuroinflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of neuromuscular blockade depth on postoperative systemic cytokine release: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Pooled it
- The Neuroimmunome of Hepatitis Patients Associates With Disease Severity.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The sleep-deprived blood-brain barrier: Does the Brain's gatekeeper adapt or merely fail slowly?Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune interactions in tumors, immune-related disorders, and infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association analyses highlight the neuronal contribution to multiple sclerosis susceptibility.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Pharmacological targeting of bunyavirus-induced synaptic impairment prevents neuronal hyperexcitability.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- CSF Cytokine Network Organization Predicts Progression Independent of Relapse and MRI Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Microglial synaptic pruning in early Alzheimer's disease: emerging roles of the IL-1β-NLRP3 axis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Organ-on-a-Chip Technology: Advances in Modeling Inflammation, Neurovascularization and Nociception in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Chemokines in Alzheimer's Disease: Early Defence, Late Damage and the Impact of Sex and Infection.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Review
- Prenatal stress alters offspring neurovascular, autonomic, and immune development in animal models of neuropsychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The neuroimmune system and cognition.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Signaling Connectomics: A Brain-wide Framework for Intercellular Communication.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines are key messengers by which immune cells communicate, and they drive many physiological processes, including immune and inflammatory responses. Early discoveries demonstrated that cytokines, such as the interleukin family members and TNF-α, regulate synaptic scaling and plasticity. Still, we continue to learn more about how these traditional immune system cytokines affect neuronal structure and function. Different cytokines shape synaptic function on multiple levels ranging from fine-tuning neurotransmission, to regulating synapse number, to impacting global neuronal networks and complex behavior. These recent findings have cultivated an exciting and growing field centered on the importance of immune system cytokines for regulating synapse and neural network structure and function. Here, we highlight the latest findings related to cytokines in the central nervous system and their regulation of synapse structure and function. Moreover, we explore how these mechanisms are becoming increasingly important to consider in diseases-especially those with a large neuroinflammatory component.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.