ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2023
Effect of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking on Subsequent Corneal Fungal Infection in Rats.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-CXL for early to mid-stage fungal keratitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial.International ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Cold atmospheric plasma improves antifungal responsiveness of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium keratoplasticum conidia and mycelia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gene inactivation of lysyl oxidase in smooth muscle cells reduces atherosclerosis burden and plaque calcification in hyperlipidemic mice.Atherosclerosis · 2024Article
- Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis-Corneal Cross-linking (PACK-CXL)-A Scoping Review Based on Preclinical Studies.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) alters fungal susceptibility and increases the severity of keratitis through macrophage activation in rats. Methods: Four weeks following CXL pretreatment, the corneal epithelium of adult rats was removed and inoculated with Candida albicans (C. albicans; CXL + inoculation group). The non-CXL-pretreated corneas were also inoculated with C. albicans (inoculation group). Clinical scoring and histopathological examination were performed to determine the severity of fungal keratitis. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy imaging were applied to determine the effects of CXL treatment on corneal local macrophage content. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blots were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression. Flow cytometry assays were performed to detect M1- and M2-type macrophages. Results: CXL pretreatment (CXL + inoculation) resulted in higher infection success rate and more severe fungal keratitis than inoculation alone (inoculation group). On days 1, 3, and 7 following fungal infection, the increase in macrophage infiltration and IL-1β, MMP-9, and VEGFA expression was greater in the CXL + inoculation group than in the inoculation group. Number of M1- and M2-type macrophages, M1 to M2 ratio, M1-type macrophage genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) expression were higher in the CXL + inoculation group compared with the inoculation group. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that CXL may increase the colonization of macrophages and activate more M1-type macrophages to increase fungal susceptibility and severity of keratitis. Translational Relevance: This study may aid long-term risk assessment and treatment of the complications of CXL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.