ArticleInternational ophthalmology2023
Is there any association between the frequency of wet age-related macular degeneration recurrences and the seasons of the year?
Article in International ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seasonal variation in the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Resveratrol Supplementation in Wet AMD: Association With Fewer Intravitreal Injections and Reduced Macular Fibrosis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo investigate whether a seasonal distribution of the frequency of exudative age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) recurrences exists.
methodsIn total, 129 eyes with 171 recurrences in patients suffering from wet AMD were included in the study. All the patients had been treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections according to Pro Re Nata treatment regimen. Recurrence was defined as the re-detection of sub-retinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, and/or sub-macular hemorrhage in optical coherence tomography scans, after at least two consecutive monthly examinations with a "dry" macula. The year was divided in three 4-month periods (zone A: June-September, zone B: October-January, and zone C: February-May) based on the weather conditions prevailing in each period. Mean temperature and hours of sunlight exposure were the main weather markers recorded.
resultsEighty-two recurrences (48%) occurred during the period June-September, 50 (29.2%) during the period October-January, and 39 (22.8%) during the period February-May (Chi-square = 17.5, p < 0.001). Among the groups, neither patients' age (78 ± 8 years A, 76 ± 7 years B, and 79 ± 8 years C, p = 0.15) nor gender status (40% men A, 36% men B, and 51% men C, p = 0.35) differed significantly. Mean temperature was 27.6 ± 1.8 °C, 15.1 ± 4.6 °C, and 16.5 ± 4.4 °C in zones A, B, and C, respectively. Hours (h) of sunlight exposure (average hours/month) were 344 ± 34 h, 188 ± 42 h, and 223 ± 57 h in zones A, B, and C.
conclusionWe demonstrated that the frequency of wet AMD recurrences is significantly elevated during the warmer months, possibly due to the higher levels of UV radiation and mean temperature. Further research is necessary to validate our findings.
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