Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37162537›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2023

Trends in incidence of recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fractures in people aged 50 years and above: retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.

Christina Avgerinou, Irene Petersen, Andrew Clegg, Robert M West, David Osborn, Kate Walters

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In one paragraph

Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Preventing fragility fractures: AI-based opportunistic osteoporosis detection in routine CT ​.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christina AvgerinouDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. c.avgerinou@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1445-1676
Irene PetersenDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
Andrew CleggAcademic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Robert M WestLeeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
David OsbornDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, Leeds, UK.
Kate WaltersDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.

Funding

National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit DevelopmentNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit Skills Enhancement
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study used primary care data to estimate the incidence of recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fracture in the UK during 2000-2018 accounting for age, sex, calendar year and social deprivation. More than 3 million people aged 50-99 years were included. We found that men living in the most deprived areas had a 45% higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis and 50% higher risk of fragility fracture compared to men living in the least deprived areas. PURPOSE: a) To estimate the incidence trends of a recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and fragility fracture in the UK over time; b) to describe differences according to age, sex, and social deprivation.

methodsThis is a longitudinal population-based cohort study using routinely collected primary care data obtained via IQVIA Medical Research Database (IMRD). All patients aged 50-99 years registered with a practice participating in THIN (The Health Improvement Network) between 2000-2018 were included. The first recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, or fragility fracture was used to estimate incidence rates (IR) per 10,000 person-years at risk. Poisson regression was used to provide Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) adjusted by age, sex, social deprivation, calendar year, and practice effect.

resultsThe year-specific adjusted IRR of recorded osteoporosis was highest in 2009 in women [IRR 1.44(95%CI 1.38-1.50)], whereas in men it was highest in 2013-2014 [IRR 1.94(95%CI 1.72-2.18)] compared to 2000. The year-specific adjusted IRR of fragility fracture was highest in 2012 in women [IRR 1.77(95%CI 1.69-1.85)], whereas in men it was highest in 2013 [IRR 1.64(95%CI 1.51-1.78)] compared to 2000. Men in the most deprived areas had a higher risk of being diagnosed with osteoporosis [IRR 1.45(95%CI 1.38-1.53)], osteopenia [IRR 1.17(95%CI 1.09-1.26)], and fragility fracture [IRR 1.50(95%CI 1.44-1.56)] compared to those living in the least deprived areas, but smaller differences were seen in women.

conclusionUse of fracture risk assessment tools may enhance the detection of osteoporosis cases in primary care. Further research is needed on the effect of social deprivation on diagnosis of osteoporosis and fractures.

Indexed as

Bone Diseases, MetabolicFractures, BoneOsteoporosisCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMalePrimary Health CareRetrospective StudiesUnited KingdomElectronic health recordsFragility fractureIncidenceOlder peopleOsteopeniaOsteoporosisPrimary care

Identifiers

PMID37162537
PMCPMC10382342

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.