Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2023
The association between the presence and burden of periodic discharges and outcome in septic patients: an observational prospective study.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Continuous Versus Routine EEG in Critically Ill Patients Without Primary Neurologic Condition: Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.European journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Unreactive EEG Background Is Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness of Various Etiologies: An Adult Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Harnessing Scalp Gamma Oscillations to Predict Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Periodic Discharges.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Current knowledge and challenges of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.Intensive care medicine · 2026Review
- Gut‑brain axis in anesthesia and critical illness: Molecular crosstalk and its impact on delirium and outcome (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: emerging mechanisms, candidate biomarkers, and future therapeutic directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Pathophysiology-driven neuroimaging: decoding brain injury in sepsis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Periodic discharges in portable EEG of critically ill patients with altered mentation; an alerting and alarming phenomena with helpful clues.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Study on the predictive value of early microcirculation perfusion indicators combined with neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for the occurrence and prognosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy in neurocritical care patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Maresin 1 alleviates neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics of 27 children with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in a single center.Pediatric discovery · 2024Article
- Prognostic value of early EEG abnormalities in severe stroke patients requiring mechanical ventilation: a pre-planned analysis of the SPICE prospective multicenter study.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- The spectrum of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a clinical perspective.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Review
- Beyond Seizures: The Usefulness of EEG in Septic Patients.Epilepsy currentsArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is frequent in septic patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) is very sensitive to detect early epileptic abnormalities, such as seizures and periodic discharges (PDs), and to quantify their duration (the so-called burden). However, the prevalence of these EEG abnormalities in septic patients, as well as their effect on morbidity and mortality, are still unclear. The aims of this study were to assess whether the presence of electrographic abnormalities (i.e. the absence of reactivity, the presence and burden of seizures and PDs) was associated with functional outcome and mortality in septic patients and whether these abnormalities were associated with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).
methodsWe prospectively included septic patients, without known chronic or acute intracranial disease or pre-existing acute encephalopathy, requiring ICU admission in a tertiary academic centre. Continuous EEG monitoring was started within 72 h after inclusion and performed for up to 7 days. A comprehensive assessment of consciousness and delirium was performed twice daily by a trained neuropsychologist. Primary endpoints were unfavourable functional outcome (UO, defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended-GOSE-score < 5), and mortality collected at hospital discharge and secondary endpoint was the association of PDs with SAE. Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact and χ
resultsWe included 92 patients. No seizures were identified. Nearly 25% of patients had PDs. The presence of PDs and PDs burden was associated with UO in univariate (n = 15 [41%], p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively) and, for PDs presence, also in multivariate analysis after correcting for disease severity (OR 3.82, IC 95% [1.27-11.49], p = 0.02). The PDs burden negatively correlated with GOSE (Spearman's coefficient ρ = - 0.2, p = 0.047). The presence of PDs was also independently associated with SAE (OR 8.98 [1.11-72.8], p = 0.04). Reactivity was observed in the majority of patients and was associated with outcomes (p = 0.044 for both functional outcome and mortality).
conclusionOur findings suggest that PDs and PDs burden are associated with SAE and might affect outcome in septic patients.
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