ArticleBMC infectious diseases2023
Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 as a predictor of disease severity among Covid-19 patients: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Plasma Biomarkers of Immunothrombosis With Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune Biomarker Signatures as Predictors of Functional and Pain Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Older Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Life's Essential 8 and Risk of Severe COVID-19 Among Adults Without Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: The C4R Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Signatures of Circulating Protein and Cellular Host Responses Predicting COVID-19 Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of cytokine detection in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated by bacterial or viral co-infections.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Peroxidase-Mimicking Nanozymes for Rapid Detection of Infectious Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Pre-Existing Heart Failure, Biomarker Profiles, and Patients' Vulnerability in Hospitalized COVID-19: A Biomarker-Driven Risk Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Serum cytokine profiling reveals CXCL10 (IP-10) as a major predictor of severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients during the first pandemic wave in Italy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A robust and scalable immunoadsorbent platform based on the high-affinity M03-IgG antibody for targeted IL-6 Removal in cytokine storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Inflammation and iron metabolism dysregulation as hallmarks of COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Plasma proteomic profile reveals persistent immune activation in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Predictive validity of the simplified Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema score for mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in COVID-19-Associated Sepsis: IL-6 Dynamics, Inflammatory Phenotypes, and Short-Term Organ-Failure Trajectories in a Real-World Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of the PaOBMJ open · 2025Observational
- Hyperinflammation by Human Macrophages Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Is Dependent on Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- High nasopharyngeal and serum IL-6 levels and the - 573G > C polymorphism (rs1800796) are linked with the risk of severe COVID-19 in a Mexican population: a case‒control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictive validity of the sequential organ failure assessment score for mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Vietnam.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Cytokines dynamics and biological sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infected people in Cameroon.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease and Post COVID Syndrome: The Role of N-acetylcysteine and Acetyl-L-carnitine.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of hemoadsorption in the severe course of COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundaccompanied to the spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the world, identifying factors related to the severity of the disease is one of the interests of physician and medical researchers. We hypothesized that interleukin 6 serum level is associated with severe outcome.
methodsIn this longitudinal prospective cohort study we enrolled 208 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the Tohid Hospital (Sanandaj, Iran). Patients were classified into two groups based on IL-6 value in the first day of admission, elevated (n = 107) or not elevated/normal (n = 101), and followed until the occurrence of final outcome (death or discharge from the hospital). Data were analyzed using univariate methods, Chi-squared and independent two sample T test. The relationship between the independent variables and our interesting outcomes were investigated by multiple linear and penalized logistic regression modeling.
resultsA total of 208 patients, 51% female and mean age 53.6 ± 16.3 years, including 107 elevated and 101 non-elevated IL-6 patients, were followed. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in demographic and clinical characteristics. Although not significant, logistic regression results showed that the chance of death occurrence among patients with elevated IL-6 are 3.91 times higher. According to the multiple linear regression modeling, elevated IL-6 significantly increased the duration of hospital stay (P = 0.02). Frequency of ICU admission (P = 0.04) and mean of ICU stay (P = 0.8) are also higher in elevated IL-6 group.
conclusionThis study revealed that elevated IL-6 is significantly related to prolongation of hospital stay in Covid-19 patients. Although not significant, the occurrence of death among patients who had increased IL-6 in the time of admission was higher than patients with normal or lower serum levels of IL-6.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.