ArticleScientific reports2023
Predictors of long-term neutralizing antibody titers following COVID-19 vaccination by three vaccine types: the BOOST study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine over 1 year in adults and children in Tanzania: interim data from an ongoing, partly randomised, controlled, phase 1b/2 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Antibody and T-Cell Response to Bivalent Booster SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in People With Compromised Immune Function: COVERALL-3 Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- IFNλ4 Gene Variants Are Associated with CD8Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Review
- Widespread SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Despite Limited Reported Cases and Clinical Disease: Exploring the Role of Pre-Existing Humoral Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Eastern Sierra Leone.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Antiretroviral therapy interferes with pseudovirus neutralization assays while Gag-specific T-cells influence mRNA vaccine outcomes in HIV patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of Immune Cell Transfection by Different Vaccine Vectors After Intradermal Injection.Vaccines · 2026Article
- HLA-E-restricted SARS-CoV-2 epitopes drive CD8Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Can Sex-based Variations in the Immune Responses to AAV Gene Therapy Affect Safety and Efficacy? A Review of Current Understanding.The AAPS journal · 2025Review
- COVID-19 mRNA or viral vector vaccine type and subject sex influence the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response.Vaccine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination-infection status and immunological profile from India: A case study for prioritizing at risk population for targeted immunization.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Daily social resources as a buffer against stress eating and its consequences.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- T and B cell responses in different immunization scenarios for COVID-19: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Does Tobacco Smoking Affect Vaccine-Induced Immune Response? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Examining the association of vaccine-related mindsets and post-vaccination antibody response, side effects, and affective outcomes.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Long-Term Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron XBB.1.5 in Indonesian Residents after Vaccination and Infection.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ad26.M.Env ZIKV vaccine protects pregnant rhesus macaques and fetuses against Zika virus infection.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Long-Term Neutralizing Antibody Response : A Prospective Cohort Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Humoral Immunity across the SARS-CoV-2 Spike after Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) Vaccination.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative Effectiveness of Bivalent (Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) COVID-19 Vaccines in Adults.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic continue, it is critical to understand the impact of vaccination type on neutralizing antibody response durability as well as to identify individual difference factors related to decline in neutralization. This was a head-to-head comparison study following 498 healthy, community volunteers who received the BNT162b2 (n = 287), mRNA-1273 (n = 149), and Ad26.COV2.S (n = 62). Participants completed questionnaires and underwent blood draws prior to vaccination, 1 month, and 6 months after the vaccination series, and neutralizing antibody (nAB) titers at 1- and 6-months post vaccination were quantified using a high-throughput pseudovirus assay. Over 6 months of follow-up, nABs declined in recipients of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, while nABs in recipients of Ad26.COV2.S showed a significant increase. At the 6-month time point, nABs to Ad26.COV2.S were significantly higher than nABs to BNT162b2 and equivalent to mRNA-1273. Irrespective of follow-up timing, being older was associated with lower nAB for participants who received BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S but not for those who received mRNA-1273. A higher baseline BMI was associated with a lower nAB for Ad26.COV2.S recipients but not for recipients of other vaccines. Women and non-smokers showed higher nAB compared to men and current smokers, respectively. The durability of neutralizing antibody responses differed by vaccine type and several sociodemographic factors that predicted response. These findings may inform booster recommendations in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.