ArticleCell2023
Bacterial NLR-related proteins protect against phage.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Genomics of theViruses · 2026Article
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- Purine and pyrimidine-based bacterial cyclic dinucleotides egress the phagosome and activate the innate immune sensor STING.Immunity · 2026Article
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- NOD-Like Receptor Genes Undergo Diversity-Enhancing Evolution in a Fungal Species Complex.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Prokaryotic Schlafen proteins cleave tRNAs during type III CRISPR immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial and human exonucleases mediate interkingdom antiviral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human interferon stimulated genes target ancient features of animal and bacterial viral replication.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Synthetically designed anti-defense proteins overcome barriers to bacterial transformation and phage infection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A bacterial CARD-NLR-like immune system controls the release of gene transfer agents.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Potential of phage therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot infections.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- TIR-like NADases act in bacterial immunity and the RNA vault.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identifying Cytokine Motif-Containing, Immunomodulatory Bacterial Proteins in Human Gut Microbiome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A unique echinoderm NLR triggers Vibrio phagocytosis by promoting microtubule severing to facilitate microfilament polymerization.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Bacterial 2',3'-cGAMP activates a SAVED effector to form membrane-disrupting filaments and restrict phage replication.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover prokaryotic immune systems.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Bacterial Schlafen proteins mediate phage defence.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Tmn blocks phage spread via plasmolysis and triggers synergistic defence responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Molecular basis for anti-jumbo phage immunity by AVAST type 5.Molecular cell · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria use a wide range of immune pathways to counter phage infection. A subset of these genes shares homology with components of eukaryotic immune systems, suggesting that eukaryotes horizontally acquired certain innate immune genes from bacteria. Here, we show that proteins containing a NACHT module, the central feature of the animal nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family (NLRs), are found in bacteria and defend against phages. NACHT proteins are widespread in bacteria, provide immunity against both DNA and RNA phages, and display the characteristic C-terminal sensor, central NACHT, and N-terminal effector modules. Some bacterial NACHT proteins have domain architectures similar to the human NLRs that are critical components of inflammasomes. Human disease-associated NLR mutations that cause stimulus-independent activation of the inflammasome also activate bacterial NACHT proteins, supporting a shared signaling mechanism. This work establishes that NACHT module-containing proteins are ancient mediators of innate immunity across the tree of life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.