Observational studyBMC pregnancy and childbirth2023
Interactive effects of gestational diabetes mellitus and maximum level of total bile acid in maternal serum on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Observational study in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of serum total bile acid levels with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Dose-response association between OGTT and adverse perinatal outcomes after IVF treatment: A cohort study based on a twin population.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- ABO blood groups are not associated to gestational diabetes mellitus in Mexican women.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo study the combined effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maximum level of maternal serum total bile acid (TBA) on the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).
methodsThis was an observational study with 724 women with ICP. Perinatal outcomes were compared by the presence of GDM. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent and multiplicative interactions of GDM and maximum maternal serum TBA on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additive interactions were calculated using an Excel sheet developed by Andersson to calculate relative excess risks.
resultsThe incidence of GDM in patients with ICP was 21.55%. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, parity, and gravidity were positively correlated with GDM. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and fetal distress rates were higher in the GDM vs. non-GDM group. There were no significant differences in biochemical outcomes (i.e., Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA)) between the two groups. In terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes, GDM was only associated with maximum TBA concentration for cesarean section. No additive or pairwise interactions were detected between GDM and maximum TBA concentration and HDP, PPH, preterm delivery, LGA, SGA, and cesarean section.
conclusionGDM independently contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with ICP. However, the combined effects of GDM and maximum TBA concentration on adverse pregnancy outcomes do not appear to be multiplicative or additive.
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