ArticleNucleic acids research2023
AT-specific DNA visualization revisits the directionality of bacteriophage λ DNA ejection.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- DOM: Dual Optical Mapping Integrating Sequence-Specific Barcodes and A/T Density Profiles.Small methods · 2026Article
- Rapid and Sensitive Detection of RNA Viruses through Imaging of Marker Molecules Derived from Designed Circular DNA Probes.Small methods · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Analysis of Genomic DNA Visualized with Nanoparticle-Tagged Peptides under Electron Microscopy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- A novel genus of Pectobacterium bacteriophages display broad host range by targeting several species of Danish soft rot isolates.Virus research · 2024Article
- Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Large DNA Molecules Using a Metal-Free Electro-Stain Composed of DNA-Binding Proteins and Synthetic Polymers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
In this study, we specifically visualized DNA molecules at their AT base pairs after in vitro phage ejection. Our AT-specific visualization revealed that either end of the DNA molecule could be ejected first with a nearly 50% probability. This observation challenges the generally accepted theory of Last In First Out (LIFO), which states that the end of the phage λ DNA that enters the capsid last during phage packaging is the first to be ejected, and that both ends of the DNA are unable to move within the extremely condensed phage capsid. To support our observations, we conducted computer simulations that revealed that both ends of the DNA molecule are randomized, resulting in the observed near 50% probability. Additionally, we found that the length of the ejected DNA by LIFO was consistently longer than that by First In First Out (FIFO) during in vitro phage ejection. Our simulations attributed this difference in length to the stiffness difference of the remaining DNA within the phage capsid. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a DNA molecule within an extremely dense phage capsid exhibits a degree of mobility, allowing it to switch ends during ejection.
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