ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2023
Association of Degree of Urbanization and Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and temporal trends in Ecuador: a national cross-sectional study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity in risk-adjusted return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the urbanization-adjusted RACA model.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Functional Access to Public Defibrillators and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Population-Based Geospatial Analysis in Korea.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association Between Urban-Rural Geographical Location and 30-Day Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Sudden cardiac arrest in young adults: A comprehensive systematic review of epidemiology, aetiology and preventive strategies.Heart international · 2026Review
- Urban-rural disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes: a nationwide Hungarian study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- The five-link theory for improving the integrated and balanced development of emergency medical care in urban and rural areas.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- The reality of rurality: Understanding the impact of remoteness on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Western Australia - A retrospective cohort study.The Australian journal of rural health · 2024Article
- Health systems developments and predictors of bystander CPR in Ireland.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Voluntary first responders' experiences of being dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural areas: an interview study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Volunteer Responder Interventions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death: a review.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies across regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urbanization (rural, suburban, and urban areas), bystander interventions (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation), and 30-day survival from OHCAs in Denmark. Methods and Results We included OHCAs not witnessed by ambulance staff in Denmark from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided according to the Eurostat Degree of Urbanization Tool in rural, suburban, and urban areas based on the 98 Danish municipalities. Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios. Logistic regression (adjusted for ambulance response time) tested differences between the groups with respect to bystander interventions and survival, according to degree of urbanization. A total of 21 385 OHCAs were included, of which 8496 (40%) occurred in rural areas, 7025 (33%) occurred in suburban areas, and 5864 (27%) occurred in urban areas. Baseline characteristics, as age, sex, location of OHCA, and comorbidities, were comparable between groups. The annual incidence rate ratio of OHCA was higher in rural areas (1.54 [95% CI, 1.48-1.58]) compared with urban areas. Odds for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation were lower in suburban (0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.96]) and urban areas (0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.95]) compared with rural areas, whereas bystander defibrillation was higher in urban areas compared with rural areas (1.15 [95% CI, 1.01-1.31]). Finally, 30-day survival was higher in suburban (1.13 [95% CI, 1.02-1.25]) and urban areas (1.17 [95% CI, 1.05-1.30]) compared with rural areas. Conclusions Degree of urbanization was associated with lower rates of bystander defibrillation and 30-day survival in rural areas compared with urban areas.
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Registered trials
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