ArticleThe oncologist2023
Incidence and Risk Factors for Pneumonitis Associated With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience.
Article in The oncologist, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-Associated Pneumonitis in Non-Breast Solid Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Article
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Incidence of and risk factors for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in thoracic malignancies: a prospective multicenter study.The oncologist · 2026Observational
- CT-based deep foundation model for predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis risk in lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonitis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Features, Mechanisms, and Lessons from Lung Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review of Incidence and Clinical Risk Factors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- The price of immune awakening: bridging knowledge gaps in checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- Pulmonary toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: from pathophysiological window to a precision diagnostic tool.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Risk factors, severity-related factors, and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in elderly patients with lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Incidence and risk factors for pneumonitis due to trastuzumab Deruxtecan in metastatic breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictive modeling of patients diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Does Pre-Existing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increase the Risk of Checkpoint Inhibitor Pneumonitis in Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis: A Narrative Review.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Treatment of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Pneumonia Complicated with Severe ARDS: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- The impact of pre-existing interstitial lung disease on radiation and checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Management of Pulmonary Toxicities Associated with Systemic Therapy in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Estimates of real-world incidence and reported risk factors vary substantially.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 419 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with anti-PD-(L)1 with or without anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Clinical, imaging, and microbiological data were evaluated by multidisciplinary adjudication teams. The primary outcome of interest was grade ≥2 (CTCAEv5) pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic variables, tobacco use, cancer therapies, and preexisting lung disease were assessed for univariate effects using Cox proportional hazards models. We created multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to assess risk factors for pneumonitis and mortality. Pneumonitis, pneumonia, and progression were modeled as time-dependent variables in mortality models.
resultsWe evaluated 419 patients between 2013 and 2021. The cumulative incidence of pneumonitis was 9.5% (40/419). In a multivariate model, pneumonitis increased the risk for mortality (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0-2.5), after adjustment for disease progression (HR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.4-1.8) and baseline shortness of breath (HR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-2.0). Incomplete resolution was more common with more severe pneumonitis. Interstitial lung disease was associated with higher risk for pneumonitis (HR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.1-26.6), particularly in never smokers (HR 26.9, 95% CI, 2.8-259.0).
conclusionPneumonitis occurred at a high rate and significantly increased mortality. Interstitial lung disease, particularly in never smokers, increased the risk for pneumonitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.