ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2023
Retirement and cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal study in 35 countries.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Employment status and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: results from China health and retirement longitudinal study.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Insomnia symptom trajectories and incident cardiovascular disease in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2026Article
- Article
- Heterogeneity in the association between retirement and cognitive function: a machine learning analysis across 19 countries.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of cardiovascular disease trends in middle-aged and older adults: cross-country comparison across HRS, ELSA, SHARE, and CHARLS.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Dissonance between predicted and actual retirement statuses to address heterogeneous effects of retirement on mental health; evidence from JSTAR.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Changes in sarcopenia and incident cardiovascular disease in prospective cohorts.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of retirement on self-rated oral health and dental services use: longitudinal fixed-effects instrumental variable study in 31 countries.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors.
methodsWe used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised 396 904 observations from 106 927 unique individuals aged 50-70 years, with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. Fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions were performed using the SPA as an instrument.
resultsWe found a 2.2%-point decrease in the risk of heart disease [coefficient = -0.022 (95% confidence interval: -0.031 to -0.012)] and a 3.0%-point decrease in physical inactivity [-0.030 (-0.049 to -0.010)] among retirees, compared with workers. In both sexes, retirement was associated with a decreased heart disease risk, whereas decreased smoking was observed only among women. People with high educational levels showed associations between retirement and decreased risks of stroke, obesity and physical inactivity. People who retired from non-physical labour exhibited reduced risks of heart disease, obesity and physical inactivity, whereas those who retired from physical labour indicated an increased risk of obesity.
conclusionsRetirement was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease on average. Some associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors appeared heterogeneous by individual characteristics.
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