ArticlePeerJ2023
Novel immune cell infiltration-related biomarkers in atherosclerosis diagnosis.
Article in PeerJ, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic elucidation ofJournal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Identification of hub targets involved in carotid atherosclerosis through bioinformatics and machine learning approaches.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- A nomogram based on serum CHI3L1 for predicting IVIG nonresponse in children with Kawasaki disease.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Identification of immune-related genes in diagnosing hypercholesterolemia with myocardial infarction through bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identifying and validating hypoxia- and metabolism-related hub genes and cell communication in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- An oxidative stress-related molecular signature in atherosclerosis: identification of risk genes, construction of a diagnostic model, and characterization of immunocyte landscape.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Paeonol alleviates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by targeting the heme oxygenase-1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Location-based prediction model for Crohn's disease regarding a novel serological marker, anti-chitinase 3-like 1 autoantibodies.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune cell infiltration (ICI) has a close relationship with the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, the current study was aimed to explore the role of genes related to ICI and to investigate potential mechanisms in AS. Methods: Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to explore immune infiltration in AS and controls. Genes related to immune infitration were mined by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The function of those genes were analyzed by enrichment analyses of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). The interactions among those genes were visualized in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, followed by identification of hub genes through Cytoscape software. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot was generated to assess the performance of hub genes in AS diagnosis. The expressions of hub genes were measured by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in human leukemia monocyticcell line (THP-1) derived foam cells and macrophages, which mimic AS and control, respectively. Results: We observed that the proportions of 27 immune cells were significantly elevated in AS. Subsequent integrative analyses of differential expression and WGCNA identified 99 immune cell-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AS and control. Those DEGs were associated with tryptophan metabolism and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related functions. Moreover, by constructing the PPI network, we found 11 hub immune cell-related genes in AS. The expression pattern and receiver ROC analyses in two independent datasets showed that calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2), nexilin F-Actin binding protein (NEXN), matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), phospholamban (PLN), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) had good performance in distinguishing AS from control samples. Furthermore, those biomarkers were shown to be correlated with angiogenesis and immune checkpoints. In addition, we found 239 miRNAs and 47 transcription factor s (TFs), which may target those biomarkers and regulate their expressions. Finally, we found that RT-qPCR results were consistent with sequencing results.
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