ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2023
The Influence of Oligosaccharides when Measuring Lactose and Total Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Comparison of Methods.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbohydrate and Energy Composition of Preterm Human Milk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- The Impact of Holder Pasteurization on Macronutrients, Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Factors in Human Milk Processed in a Milk Bank Setting.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association Between Breastfeeding Intensity and Mammary Gland Involution Markers in Early Postpartum Among Women from Low-Income Households.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Quantifying Bioactive Compounds in Human Breastmilk.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Impact of Storage Conditions on the Quality of Raw Camel Milk.Food science of animal resources · 2024Article
- Deciphering macronutrient information about human milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Human Milk Nutrient Composition Data is Critically Lacking in the United States and Canada: Results from a Systematic Scoping Review of 2017-2022.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderstanding how human milk impacts growth requires valid analytical methods for quantifying the composition. Lactose, the most abundant constituent in human milk and a predominant source of energy, is often assessed using methods borrowed from the bovine dairy industry. However, the carbohydrate matrices of bovine and human milk are quite different, especially as they relate to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), each with a terminal lactose unit that may influence analytical methods.
objectivesOur goals were to determine the extent to which HMOs influence common analytical methods for measuring carbohydrates in human milk and to compare common methods for measuring lactose.
methodsTwo sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, native and HMO-spiked human milk samples (n = 16 each) were assessed and compared using 4 methods: AOAC 2006.06 (based on the Megazyme enzymatic assay), BioVision enzymatic assay, ultraperformance LC with MS, and infrared analysis. In the second set, human milk samples (n = 20) were assessed using 2 methods approved for measuring lactose in bovine milk: AOAC 984.22 that uses high-performance LC and refractive index detection and AOAC 2006.06 prepared using both volume and weighted dilutions.
resultsNative and HMO-spiked samples were not significantly different in lactose using AOAC 2006.06 and ultraperformance LC with MS but were significantly different using BioVision (mean difference = 0.2 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.4; P = 0.005). Total carbohydrate measurements assessed using infrared were also higher after HMO spiking (mean difference = 0.4 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.6; P < 0.001). Only AOAC methods 984.22 and 2006.06 for measuring lactose were very highly correlated (r > 0.90, P < 0.001).
conclusionsAOAC methods 984.22 and 2006.06 are comparable for measuring lactose in human milk and are not influenced by HMOs. HMOs influence other enzymatic methods as well as infrared analysis, which leads to an overestimate of energy values. J Nutr 2023;x:xx.
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