ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2023
Modelling count, bounded and skewed continuous outcomes in physical activity research: beyond linear regression models.
Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cluster randomized multilevel intervention for promoting physical activity in rural communities.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
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- Population norms of health-related quality of life in Iran: findings from a national EQ-5D-5L study.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- Determinants of time to positivity in bloodstream infections: an analysis of a population-based cohort in Queensland, Australia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Forecasting invasive mosquito abundance in the Basque Country, Spain using machine learning techniques.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Isotemporal Substitution Effect of 24-h Movement Behaviors on Well-Being, Cognition, and BMI Among Older Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- What is the cross-sectional association of geospatially derived walkability with walking for leisure and transport?PloS one · 2025Article
- Mapping Kansas City cardiomyopathy, Seattle Angina, and minnesota living with heart failure to the MacNew-7D in patients with heart disease.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Ex Vivo Immune Function and Modulatory Effects of Calcitriol in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Diabetes Mellitus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Relationships Between Markers of Iron Status and Hematological Parameters in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.Advances in hematology · 2024Article
- Walking away from depression: the mediating role of walking activity in depression impacting blood glucose levels of people with diabetes or prediabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundInference using standard linear regression models (LMs) relies on assumptions that are rarely satisfied in practice. Substantial departures, if not addressed, have serious impacts on any inference and conclusions; potentially rendering them invalid and misleading. Count, bounded and skewed outcomes, common in physical activity research, can substantially violate LM assumptions. A common approach to handle these is to transform the outcome and apply a LM. However, a transformation may not suffice.
methodsIn this paper, we introduce the generalized linear model (GLM), a generalization of the LM, as an approach for the appropriate modelling of count and non-normally distributed (i.e., bounded and skewed) outcomes. Using data from a study of physical activity among older adults, we demonstrate appropriate methods to analyse count, bounded and skewed outcomes.
resultsWe show how fitting an LM when inappropriate, especially for the type of outcomes commonly encountered in physical activity research, substantially impacts the analysis, inference, and conclusions compared to a GLM.
conclusionsGLMs which more appropriately model non-normally distributed response variables should be considered as more suitable approaches for managing count, bounded and skewed outcomes rather than simply relying on transformations. We recommend that physical activity researchers add the GLM to their statistical toolboxes and become aware of situations when GLMs are a better method than traditional approaches for modeling count, bounded and skewed outcomes.
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