ArticleERJ open research2023
Reducing carbon footprint by switching to reusable soft-mist inhalers.
Article in ERJ open research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Patient attitudes, beliefs, and practices in environmentally friendly inhaler disposal: a mixed-methods evaluation with behaviourally informed recommendations.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Carbon Emissions and Treatment Efficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Impact of Inhaled Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Observational
- Environmentally friendly inhaler decision-making with personalized care in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Article
- How to reduce carbon footprints in asthma.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- How to move towards more sustainable asthma care in Europe: an expert opinion paper.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Inhalation therapy is the cornerstone of COPD, together with non-pharmacological treatments. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), alone or in combination with long-acting β-agonists (LABAs), are commonly used. Pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and soft-mist inhalers (SMIs) are used, each with different carbon footprints. This study aimed to assess the carbon footprint of hypothetically replacing LAMA or LAMA/LABA inhalers with an SMI, Respimat Reusable, within the same therapeutic class. Methods: An environmental impact model was established to assess the change in carbon footprint of replacing pMDIs/DPIs with Respimat Reusable within the same therapeutic class (LAMA or LAMA/LABA) across 12 European countries and the USA over 5 years. Inhaler use for country and disease-specific populations was derived from international prescribing data and the associated carbon footprint (CO Results: Over 5 years and across all countries, replacing LAMA inhalers with Spiriva Respimat Reusable reduced CO Conclusion: Replacement of pMDIs and DPIs with Respimat Reusable within the same therapeutic class would result in substantial reductions in CO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.