Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Association of subclass distribution of insulin antibody with glucose control in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective observational study.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Premixed insulin: Advantages, disadvantages, and future.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Postprandial Glucose Turnover Differs Between Adolescents and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Triple Tracer Mixed Meal Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Characterization of Anti-Insulin Antibodies in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biotechnology Revolution Shaping the Future of Diabetes Management.Biomolecules · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To examine the distribution and effects of the subclass of insulin antibodies on glucose control and side events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with premixed insulin analog. Methods: A total of 516 patients treated with premixed insulin analog were sequentially enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2016 to August 2020. Subclass-specific insulin antibodies (IAs) (IgG1-4, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM) were detected in IA-positive patients by electrochemiluminescence. We analyzed glucose control, serum insulin, and insulin-related events between IA-positive and IA-negative groups, as well as among patients with different IA subclasses. Results: Overall, 98 of 516 subjects (19.0%) were positive for total IAs after premixed insulin analog therapy; of these participants, 92 had subclass IAs, and IgG-IA was the predominant subclass, followed by IgE-IA. IAs were associated with serum total insulin increase and local injection-site reactions but not glycemic control and hypoglycemia. In the subgroup analysis in patients with IA-positive, the IgE-IA and IA subclass numbers were more associated with increased serum total insulin levels. Additionally, IgE-IA might be correlated more strongly with local responses and weakly with hypoglycemia, while IgM-IA might be correlated more strongly with hypoglycemia. Conclusion: We concluded that IAs or IA subclasses might be associated with unfavorable events in patients receiving premixed insulin analog therapy, which can be used as an adjunctive monitoring indicator in clinical insulin trials.
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