ReviewJournal of internal medicine2023
Possible heterogeneity of initial pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmunity heralding type 1 diabetes.
Review in Journal of internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet-autoantibodies in gestational diabetes and risk of progression to postpartum diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Associations of body weight and COVID-19 with autoimmunity in pediatric new-onset type 1 diabetes: results from the prospective DPV registry.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity between insulin and proinsulin in the potency for insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Extending the Eisenbarth Model: Stage 0 as a Provisional Framework for Early Risk Stratification and Prevention in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
- Quantitative temporal analysis of pancreatic islet T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration heralded by serum IgE in congenic BioBreeding (BB) Gimap5Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Review
- The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment-2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance in Persons With Multiple Islet Autoantibodies Randomized to a Gluten-free Diet.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes: An Early Approach Appraisal for Spain by the AGORA Diabetes Collaborative Group.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Infections and antibiotic use in early childhood have limited importance in developing manifest type 1 diabetes - The ABIS cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Family History of Diabetes and Clinical Characteristics in Children at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes-A Swedish Population-Based Study.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Individuals With Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Untangling the genetics of beta cell dysfunction and death in type 1 diabetes.Molecular metabolism · 2024Review
- A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study in type 1 diabetes.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) foreshadows the pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that heralds the clinical onset of T1D. Standardized and harmonized tests of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 transporter (ZnT8A) allowed children to be followed from birth until the appearance of a first islet autoantibody. In the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, a multicenter (Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United States) observational study, children were identified at birth for the T1D high-risk HLA haploid genotypes DQ2/DQ8, DQ2/DQ2, DQ8/DQ8, and DQ4/DQ8. The TEDDY study was preceded by smaller studies in Finland, Germany, Colorado, Washington, and Sweden. The aims were to follow children at increased genetic risk to identify environmental factors that trigger the first-appearing autoantibody (etiology) and progress to T1D (pathogenesis). The larger TEDDY study found that the incidence rate of the first-appearing autoantibody was split into two patterns. IAA first peaked already during the first year of life and tapered off by 3-4 years of age. GADA first appeared by 2-3 years of age to reach a plateau by about 4 years. Prior to the first-appearing autoantibody, genetic variants were either common or unique to either pattern. A split was also observed in whole blood transcriptomics, metabolomics, dietary factors, and exposures such as gestational life events and early infections associated with prolonged shedding of virus. An innate immune reaction prior to the adaptive response cannot be excluded. Clarifying the mechanisms by which autoimmunity is triggered to either insulin or GAD65 is key to uncovering the etiology of autoimmune T1D.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.