Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37142898›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2024

County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in the United States.

Jessica Bradshaw, Jan M Eberth, Anja Zgodic, Alexis Federico, Kate Flory, Alexander C McLain

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Systematic review of measures and interventions for caregiver adjustment to child autism diagnosis.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Development of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Young Infants With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Preterm Birth, and Typical Development.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jessica BradshawDepartment of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-3738
Jan M EberthDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Anja ZgodicRural and Minority Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Alexis FedericoDepartment of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Kate FloryDepartment of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Alexander C McLainRural and Minority Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. mclaina@mailbox.sc.edu.

Funding

Targeting Behavioral Adjustment and Healthy Lifestyle in Preschool-Age Children Using an Integrated Family-Based InterventionP20GM130420 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI GOODRUM, NADA MUSSAD · 2020 to 2024
$11.2M
Coordinating Center for Research to Promote the Health of Children with Birth Defects and People with Developmental and Other DisabilitiesU19DD001218 · DD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI CAI, BO, CARLIN, ROBERTA · 2017 to 2021
$7.4M
Biomedical-Behavioral Interface: Prevention and Developmental Sciences TrainingT32GM081740 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI PRINZ, RONALD J · 2008 to 2022
$4.5M
Heart Defined Attention in Infancy: Predicting Social Communication and ASD SymptomologyK23MH120476 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI BRADSHAW, JESSICA · 2019 to 2023
$939k
ACL HHS U19DD001218CDC HHS Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNCBDD CDC HHS 5U19DD001218NCBDD CDC HHS U19 DD001218NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130420NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM081740NIGMS NIH HHS T32GM081740NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH120476NIMH NIH HHS K23MH120476
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prevalence estimates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) point to geographic and socioeconomic disparities in identification and diagnosis. Estimating national prevalence rates can limit understanding of local disparities, especially in rural areas where disproportionately higher rates of poverty and decreased healthcare access exist. Using a small area estimation approach from the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 70,913), we identified geographic differences in ASD prevalence, ranging from 4.38% in the Mid-Atlantic to 2.71% in the West South-Central region. Cluster analyses revealed "hot spots" in parts of the Southeast, East coast, and Northeast. This geographic clustering of prevalence estimates suggests that local or state-level differences in policies, service accessibility, and sociodemographics may play an important role in identification and diagnosis of ASD.County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in the United States.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHealth SurveysHumansMalePrevalenceRural PopulationUnited Statesautism prevalencegeographic disparitiesnational survey of children’s healthsmall area estimate

Identifiers

PMID37142898
PMCPMC11019892

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.