ReviewThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2023
Beyond VEGF: Targeting Inflammation and Other Pathways for Treatment of Retinal Disease.
Review in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adoption patterns of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies in retinal disease.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of carbon nanodots for ocular disease.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- A graph retrieval-augmented generation pipeline for systematic drug target discovery: validation and application to ocular neovascularization.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- APE1/Ref-1: multifunctional biology, selective inhibition, and the path to clinical translation.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2026Review
- Suboptimal Responses to Anti-VEGF in Retinal Neurovascular Diseases: Linking Aging and Alternative Angioinflammatory Pathways.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration management - Beyond anti-VEGF.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Comparative analysis of activation of macrophages/microglia in diabetic retinopathy and Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Multimodal AI fuses proteomic and EHR data for rational prioritization of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Charge-flip nanoparticles loaded with TAK1 inhibitors inhibit retinal neovascularization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Long-acting fenofibrate-loaded microparticles for treating retinal disorders.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Anti-VEGF Therapies in Retinal Disorders: Current Landscape and Future Directions.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- The CD39-CD73-adenosine axis: a pivotal regulator of retinal homeostasis and diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Article
- The role and potential mechanism of PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP) in endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Breakthroughs in diabetic retinopathy diagnosis and treatment using preclinical research models: current progress and future directions.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Recent advances in engineered exosome-based therapies for ocular vascular disease.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Topical Application of RNAi Therapy Using Surface-Modified Liposomes for Treating Retinal-Vein Occlusion.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Ref-1 redox activity regulates retinal neovascularization by modulating transcriptional activation of HIF-1α.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Targeting Runx1 in Pathological Retinal Angiogenesis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neovascular eye diseases include conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Together, they are a major cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide. The current therapeutic mainstay for these diseases is intravitreal injections of biologics targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. Lack of universal response to these anti-VEGF agents coupled with the challenging delivery method underscore a need for new therapeutic targets and agents. In particular, proteins that mediate both inflammatory and proangiogenic signaling are appealing targets for new therapeutic development. Here, we review agents currently in clinical trials and highlight some promising targets in preclinical and early clinical development, focusing on the redox-regulatory transcriptional activator APE1/Ref-1, the bioactive lipid modulator soluble epoxide hydrolase, the transcription factor RUNX1, and others. Small molecules targeting each of these proteins show promise for blocking neovascularization and inflammation. The affected signaling pathways illustrate the potential of new antiangiogenic strategies for posterior ocular disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Discovery and therapeutic targeting of new angiogenesis mediators is necessary to improve treatment of blinding eye diseases like retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Novel targets undergoing evaluation and drug discovery work include proteins important for both angiogenesis and inflammation signaling, including APE1/Ref-1, soluble epoxide hydrolase, RUNX1, and others.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.