ArticlePloS one2023
Youth-to-senior transition in women's and girls' football: Towards a better understanding of relative age effects and gender-specific considerations.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Annual Athlete Turnover of 36% in Olympic Talent Promotion Programs: A Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Early Talent Promotion on Junior and Senior Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Back to the Future-Past Learnings for Prospective Performance, Medicine and Health Research Recommendations in WOMEN's Football.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Relative age effects in Rugby union and Rugby league: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Relative age effect and development pathways in French basketball: from youth training structures to senior national teams.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Relative age effects and implications for sport performance in elite Chinese junior male basketball players.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Relative Age Effect Is Widespread among Most Successful Youth, but Not in Senior Olympic Weightlifters.Journal of human kinetics · 2025Article
- Road to Paris-2024: The Path of Brazilian Volleyball Athletes Goes Through the Youth National Teams.Journal of human kinetics · 2025Article
- Talent Identification: Time to Move Forward on Estimation of Potentials? Proposed Explanations and Promising Methods.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Relative Age Effect Among World-Class Jump Athletes.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Relative Age Effects and Place of Early Development Constrain Male Youth Italian Swimmers' Developmental Experiences.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Relative Age Effect across an International Soccer Programme in Male and Female Players Aged 12 Years Old to Seniors.Journal of human kinetics · 2024Article
- Relative age effect across the talent identification process of youth female soccer players in the United States: Influence of birth year, position, biological maturation, and skill level.Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Birth Advantages in Male Italian Soccer: How They Influence Players Youth Career and Their Future Career Status.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Disentangling Gender and Relative Age Effects in Women's and Girls' Rugby Union.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Looking beyond relative age to understand relative advantage and disadvantage in talent development.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- The relative age effect and its influence on athletic performance in Chinese junior female' tennis players.PloS one · 2024Article
- The prevalence of relative age effects in a nationwide analysis of racket sports: Happy birthday?PloS one · 2024Article
- Career trajectories, transition rates, and birthdate distributions: the rocky road from youth to senior level in men's European football.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate youth-to-senior transition and the relative age effect in Italian female football national teams. Birthdate data of 774 female players selected for Under 17 (N = 416), 19 (N = 265) and National Senior team (N = 93) were analysed. The youth-to-senior transition rate was determined by the number of youth players competing in the Senior National team (and vice versa), whilst birth quarter (Q) distributions with a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Only 17.4% of youth players were able to be selected for the Senior National team, whereas 31.2% of the players reached the high-senior level without being selected for youth age groups. Data revealed a skewed birth date distribution in Under 17 and 19 teams (on average, Q1 = 35.6% vs Q4 = 18.5%) but not in the Senior National team. Youth players born in Q1 were two times more likely to be selected than in Q4. In Under 17, goalkeepers, defenders, and midfielders of Q1 players were overrepresented. However, Q4 players recorded higher conversion rates than Q1 (Q1 = 16.4% vs. Q4 = 25.0%). National youth experience may not be a prerequisite for being selected at the senior level. Moreover, this confers a higher probability of playing in the National Senior team than players not selected in youth rosters.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.