ArticleAmerican journal of clinical pathology2023
Double-stranded RNA immunohistochemistry as a screening tool for viral encephalitis.
Article in American journal of clinical pathology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Universal and quantitative detection of double-stranded RNAs as a signature of pan-virus infections using a luciferase-based biosensor.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- What every neuropathologist needs to know: Update on neuro infectious disease workups and consultation resources.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Review
- Histological staining of tick bite skin biopsies for spirochetes and Powassan virus RNA.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Brain biopsy and metagenomic sequencing enhance aetiological diagnosis of encephalitis.Brain communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesViral infections of the central nervous system can be challenging to diagnose because of the wide range of causative agents and nonspecific histologic features. We sought to determine whether detection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), produced during active RNA and DNA viral infections, could be used to select cases for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue.
methodsEight commercially available anti-dsRNA antibodies were optimized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the top antibody tested in a series of cases with confirmed viral infections (n = 34) and cases with inflammatory brain lesions of unclear etiology (n = 62).
resultsAmong known positives, anti-dsRNA IHC produced a strong cytoplasmic or nuclear staining pattern for Powassan virus, West Nile virus, rabies virus, JC polyoma virus, and adenovirus while failing to detect Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, or any herpesvirus. All the unknown cases were negative by anti-dsRNA IHC, while mNGS detected rare viral reads (0.3-1.3 reads per million total reads) in 2 cases (3%), with only 1 having potential clinical significance.
conclusionsAnti-dsRNA IHC can effectively identify a subset of clinically relevant viral infections but not all. The absence of staining should not exclude cases from mNGS if sufficient clinical and histologic suspicion exists.
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