ReviewAdvances in therapy2023
Proton Pump Inhibitors, Kidney Damage, and Mortality: An Updated Narrative Review.
Review in Advances in therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic effects of curcumin on upper gastrointestinal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Pooled it
- The protective role of vitamin E against omeprazole-induced liver alterations in male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use is not independently associated with colonic diverticulosis in an asymptomatic screening population.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Rising mortality from electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in the United States (1999-2020): a joinpoint regression analysis of national trends and disparities.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Endoscopic anti-reflux mucosal resection for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: Clinical efficacy and impact on gut microbiota.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- Association between gastroprotective agents and acute kidney injury in patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Analysis of a Japanese hospital-based database.Pharmacotherapy · 2024Article
- SDIMMMER: A Proposed Clinical Approach to Optimize Cellular Physiology in Regenerative Medicine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for Prevention of Gastroesophageal Inflammation: Insights from In Vitro Models.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Development of Gastroretentive Floating Combination Tablets Containing Amoxicillin Trihydrate 500 mg and Levofloxacin 125 mg for Eradicating ResistantPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor-Acid Suppressive Treatment Can Cause Vitamin BInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Malnutrition in Older Adults with Early Stages of Cognitive Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Clinical value of serum pepsinogen in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric diseases.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become one of the most highly utilized drugs in the United States, assuming a position as one of the top 10 most prescribed medications in the country. The purpose of PPIs is to limit the amount of gastric acid secreted by the parietal cells via irreversible inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase pump, therefore maintaining an elevated gastric acid pH of greater than 4 for 15-21 h. Even though PPIs have many clinical uses, they are not without their adverse effects, mimicking achlorhydria. Besides electrolyte abnormalities and vitamin deficiencies, long-term use of PPIs has been linked to acute interstitial nephritis, bone fractures, poor COVID-19 infection outcomes, pneumonia, and possibly an increase in all-cause mortality. The causality between PPI use and increased mortality and disease risk can be questioned since most studies are observational. Confounding variables can greatly affect an observational study and explain the wide-ranging associations with the use of PPIs. Patients on PPIs are generally older, obese, sicker with a higher number of baseline morbidities, and on more medications than the compared PPI non-users. These findings suggest that PPI users are at a higher risk of mortality and complications based on pre-existing conditions. This narrative review aims to update readers on the concerning effects that proton pump inhibitor use can have on patients and give providers a resource to create informed decisions on appropriate PPI use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.