SynthesisObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2023
Evening types as determined by subjective and objective measures are more emotional eaters.
Synthesis in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02829619 (Meal Timing, Genetics and Weight Loss in a Mediterranean Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Meal Timing, Genetics and Weight Loss in a Mediterranean Population
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Chronotype and disordered eating indicators: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Sleep and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Chronotype and Atherogenic-Adiposity Indices in Adults Without Previously Diagnosed Chronic Disease: A Sex-Aware Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Associations Between Binge-Eating Symptoms and Chronotype Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates: Clinical Implications for Preoperative Assessment-A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Rest-Activity Timing Phenotypes and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of 24-Hour Accelerometry in Population-Based Cohorts.Health data science · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Sleep and Circadian Characteristics in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Last Five Years (2020-2025).Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Factors associated with chronotype in individuals with bipolar disorder in remission.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of chronotype and sleep behaviors with mental well-being, eating behaviors, and adiposity traits: a cross-sectional study among a sample of urban Malaysian adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Home-based dim light melatonin onset assessment among adults with obesity: feasibility and procedural considerations.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- The Mixed Role of Sleep and Time of Day in Working Memory Performance of Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Role of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Anorexia Nervosa.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in the Relationship between Chronotype and Eating Behaviour: A Focus on Binge Eating and Food Addiction.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Wake up! It's time to recognize the importance of sleep in metabolic health.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the association between being an evening type (ET; defined subjectively by the Morning-Evening Questionnaire or objectively by the dim-light melatonin onset [DLMO] timing) and reporting emotional eating (EE) behaviors.
methodsCross-sectional analyses were conducted in 3964 participants (four international cohorts: ONTIME and ONTIME-MT [both Spain], SHIFT [the US], and DICACEM [Mexico]), in which chronotype (Morning-Evening Questionnaire), EE behaviors (Emotional Eating Questionnaire), and dietary habits (dietary records or food-frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Among 162 participants (ONTIME-MT subsample), additional measures of DLMO (physiological gold standard of circadian phase) were available.
resultsIn three populations, ETs presented with a higher EE score than morning types (p < 0.02); and they made up a higher proportion of emotional eaters (p < 0.01). ETs presented with higher scores on disinhibition/overeating as well as food craving factors and experienced these behaviors more frequently than morning types (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a meta-analysis showed that being an ET was associated with a higher EE score by 1.52 points of a total of 30 points (95% CI: 0.89-2.14). The timing of DLMO in the early, intermediate, and late objective chronotypes occurred at 21:02 h, 22:12 h, and 23:37 h, with late types showing a higher EE score (p = 0.043).
conclusionsEveningness associated with EE in populations with different cultural, environmental, and genetic backgrounds. Individuals with late DLMO also showed more EE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.