ArticleEpidemiology and health2023
Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of gynaecologic cancers in women with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review & meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Association between insulin resistance and breast cancer risk in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Distribution and Related Influencing Factors of AMH Level in Family-Planning Women of Childbearing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study from Beijing, China.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Review
- Is Insulin Resistance a High-Risk Factor for Postmenopausal Endometrial Cancer: Insights from the Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index and the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR).International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Review
- Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study investigated how changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with the subsequent risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopausal status.
methodsThis cohort study, using data from the National Health Insurance Service database, included women aged ≥40 years who underwent 2 biennial cancer screenings (2009-2010 and 2011-2012) and were followed up until 2020. Participants were grouped into MetS-free, MetS-recovery, MetS-development, and MetS-persistent groups. Menopausal status (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal) was assessed at 2 screenings. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the association between MetS changes and cancer risk.
resultsIn 3,031,980 women, breast and endometrial cancers were detected in 39,184 and 4,298, respectively. Compared with the MetS-free group, those who recovered, developed, or had persistent MetS showed an increased risk of breast cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 1.05, 1.05, and 1.11, respectively (p<0.005). MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (aHR, 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.16) but not in premenopausal or perimenopausal women. MetS persistence was associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women, with aHRs of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.70), 1.59 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.12), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.32 to 1.63), respectively.
conclusionsIncreased breast cancer risk was associated with recovered, developed, and persistent MetS in postmenopausal women. Meanwhile, increased endometrial cancer risk was found in obese women who recovered from MetS or persistently had MetS, regardless of menopausal status, when compared to MetS-free women.
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