ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2023
Concurrent serum lead levels and cognitive function in older adults.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal folic acid supplementation improves long-term postnatal maternal cognitive performance: findings from a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Evidence on the Associations of Metal Exposure with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Elderly Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association between blood heavy metals and fecal incontinence in American adults: A population-based study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Single and joint exposure of Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, and Zn were associated with cognitive function of older adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Uncovering the relationship between trace element exposure, cognitive function, and dietary inflammation index in elderly americans from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum lead levels and cognitive functioning in a sample of older adults in the US. Method: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2013, a total of 768 older adults aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Lead concentrations in the whole blood samples were assessed using mass spectrometry. We used the immediate and delayed memory portions of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning Subtest (CERAD-WL), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) to assess the participants' cognitive performance. Using sample averages and standard deviations (SDs), we computed test-specific and global cognition z-scores. To assess the relationships between the quartiles of serum lead levels and cognitive performance, we built multiple linear regression models and adjusted for covariates, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, alcohol usage, and body mass index. Results: The average age of the participants was 69.6 (SD 6.6) years. Approximately half of the participants were women (52.6%), non-Hispanic white (52.0%), and had completed at least some college education (51.8%). The average serum lead concentration was 1.8 g/dL (SD 1.6) for these participants. The results of multiple linear regression using individuals in the lowest serum lead quantile as a reference group revealed that the serum lead level was not associated with test-specific (CERAD-WL, AFT, and DSST) or global cognitive z-scores. Conclusions: In older adults, concurrent serum lead concentration is not related to cognitive performance. Early or continuous lead exposure may exert a greater effect on the etiology of accelerated cognitive decline with old age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.