ArticleJournal of development economics2023
Do referrals improve the representation of women in mobile phone surveys?
Article in Journal of development economics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Computer-Assisted Mobile Phone Interviews in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Through a Total Survey Error Framework.Public opinion quarterly · 2026Review
- Interactive voice response surveys as a method for increasing the representativeness of rural respondents in a mortality mobile phone survey: Findings from Malawi.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Women's participation in mobile phone surveys in Mozambique: Findings from a qualitative study.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Unmasking the truth: Experimental evidence of facemask compliance in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- The Gendered Consequences of COVID-19 for Internal Migration.Population research and policy review · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Random digit dial surveys with mobile phones risk under-representation of women. To address this, we compare the characteristics of women recruited directly with those of women recruited through referrals from male household members. The referral process improves representation of vulnerable groups, such as young women, the asset poor, and those living in areas with low connectivity. Among mobile phone users, we show a referral (rather than a direct dial) protocol includes more nationally representative proportions of women with these attributes. While seeking intra-household referrals may improve representation, we show that it does so at a higher cost.
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