ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune microenvironment of cholangiocarcinoma: Biological concepts and treatment strategies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapy impact of macrophage glycosylation on cholangiocarcinoma and its prognostic and immune microenvironment significance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of cancer-associated fibroblasts with oncolytic virus in preclinical models of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers, Regulatory Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment Reprogramming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma and Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- HERV2365 upregulates FGF1 expression by sponging miR-326 to promote the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.iScience · 2026Article
- CAR-T cells directed toward PD-L1 demonstrate potent, antigen-specific activity against cholangiocarcinoma: A proof of concept study.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Preclinical mouse models for studying cholangiocarcinoma.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Integrated Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies an Immunotherapy Vulnerable and Prognostic Associated Subtype in Cholangiocarcinoma.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Proof-of-principle 4-marker spatial profiling reveals distinct, location-independent immune clusters in biliary tract cancers.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2026Article
- Dynamic tumor microenvironment remodeling in cancer therapy resistance: molecular mechanisms and translational opportunities.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- From the invasive front to organotropic pre-metastatic niches: spatial immune regulatory networks governing cholangiocarcinoma dissemination and metastasis-intercepting immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in a Japanese institutional subgroup of KEYNOTE-966: a dexamethasone-minimizing supportive-care approach.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio as a novel inflammatory biomarker: Validation and clinical relevance as an independent prognostic factor in cholangiocarcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- A novel tumor microenvironment-related gene signature for prognostic prediction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Durvalumab plus cisplatin and gemcitabine in advanced biliary tract cancer: can we do it better?Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of CAR-T Therapies and Personalized Vaccines for the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Progress, Mechanisms of Action, and Challenges.The American journal of pathology · 2025Review
- Investigating the causal relationship between the plasma lipidome and cholangiocarcinoma mediated by immune cells: a mediation Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with biliary tract cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is characterized by a poor prognosis with limited treatment and management options. Chemotherapy using gemcitabine with cisplatin is the only available first-line therapy for patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma, although it offers only palliation and yields a median survival of < 1 year. Recently there has been a resurgence of immunotherapy studies focusing on the ability of immunotherapy to inhibit cancer growth by impacting the tumor microenvironment. Based on the TOPAZ-1 trial, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved the combination of durvalumab and gemcitabine with cisplatin as the first-line treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. However, immunotherapy, like immune checkpoint blockade, is less effective in cholangiocarcinoma than in other types of cancer. Although several factors such as the exuberant desmoplastic reaction are responsible for cholangiocarcinoma treatment resistance, existing literature on cholangiocarcinoma cites the inflammatory and immunosuppressive environment as the most common factor. However, mechanisms activating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment contributing to cholangiocarcinoma drug resistance are complicated. Therefore, gaining insight into the interplay between immune cells and cholangiocarcinoma cells, as well as the natural development and evolution of the immune tumor microenvironment, would provide targets for therapeutic intervention and improve therapeutic efficacy by developing multimodal and multiagent immunotherapeutic approaches of cholangiocarcinoma to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of the inflammatory microenvironment-cholangiocarcinoma crosstalk and reinforce the importance of inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment, thereby highlighting the explanatory and therapeutic shortcomings of immunotherapy monotherapy and proposing potentially promising combinational immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.