ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2023
Early-life interactions between the microbiota and immune system: impact on immune system development and atopic disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 231 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
231 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors affecting dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the elderly and the progress of interventions in traditional Chinese and Western medicine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- A bibliometric analysis of the immune system and cognitive impairment: trends from 1985 to 2024.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of vaginal microbiota transfer on social-emotional and neurodevelopment in cesarean-born infants: 12-month follow-up of a pilot randomized clinical trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Trial
- Precision synbiotic intervention with 2'-fucosyllactose and infant-derivedFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiota functional remodeling and butyrate depletion amplify anti-Ro/La antibody-driven type I interferon activation in neonatal lupus.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota translocation and dissemination in health: can it be beneficial and purposeful?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Synthetic microbial communities: emerging live biotherapeutics for targeted gut microbiome modulation.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Host metabolism shapes the intestinal microbiota: a top-down paradigm of environmental selection pressure.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Orchestrating life's first community: molecular assembly by human milk oligosaccharides.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The enteric DNA virome differs in infants at risk for atopic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome dynamics in acute infectious diarrhea: A conceptual framework from acute dysbiosis toward precision restoration (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- An Epidemiology-Constrained Framework for Mechanistic Hypothesis Restriction and Prioritization in Complex Disease.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Drugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Article
- Evidence strength of exposure-outcome associations in pediatric allergic diseases: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Early-Life Antibiotic Cocktail Intervention Alters Cecal Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Profiles in Suckling Rats.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Parasites and allergies: a complex bidirectional relationship from evolutionary origins to modern therapeutics.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Association of Early-Life Exposures With Later Diagnosis of Spondyloarthritis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.The Journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study and predictors of neonatal blood cell traits in Hispanic newborns.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota and Ischemic Stroke: From Pre-Stroke Dysbiosis and Acute-Phase Changes to Therapeutic Applications.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prenatal and early postnatal life represent key periods of immune system development. In addition to genetics and host biology, environment has a large and irreversible role in the immune maturation and health of an infant. One key player in this process is the gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms that colonizes the human intestine. The diet, environment and medical interventions experienced by an infant determine the establishment and progression of the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with and trains the developing immune system. Several chronic immune-mediated diseases have been linked to an altered gut microbiota during early infancy. The recent rise in allergic disease incidence has been explained by the 'hygiene hypothesis', which states that societal changes in developed countries have led to reduced early-life microbial exposures, negatively impacting immunity. Although human cohort studies across the globe have established a correlation between early-life microbiota composition and atopy, mechanistic links and specific host-microorganism interactions are still being uncovered. Here, we detail the progression of immune system and microbiota maturation in early life, highlight the mechanistic links between microbes and the immune system, and summarize the role of early-life host-microorganism interactions in allergic disease development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.