ArticleNature communications2023
Antibodies to variable surface antigens induce antigenic variation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic Parasite Nanovaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Integrative zoology · 2026Review
- Stuck on you Giardia.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatic analysis for identifying immunogenic antigens from the complete proteome of Giardia lamblia.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Key Regulators of Parasite Biology Viewed Through a Post-Translational Modification Repertoire.Proteomics · 2025Review
- Giardiavirus infection alleviates growth restriction and intestinal damage caused by the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Host-specific targets of Histomonas meleagridis antigens revealed by immunoprecipitation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Discovery, recognized antigenic structures, and evolution of cross-serotype broadly neutralizing antibodies from porcine B-cell repertoires against foot-and-mouth disease virus.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Tunneling Nanotube-like Structures inCells · 2024Article
- Heme metabolism in Strigomonas culicis: Implications of HThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Giardia VSPAS7 protein attenuates Giardia intestinalis-induced host macrophage pyroptosis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Species-Specific Duplication of Surface Antigen Genes inMicroorganisms · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genomes of most protozoa encode families of variant surface antigens. In some parasitic microorganisms, it has been demonstrated that mutually exclusive changes in the expression of these antigens allow parasites to evade the host's immune response. It is widely assumed that antigenic variation in protozoan parasites is accomplished by the spontaneous appearance within the population of cells expressing antigenic variants that escape antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Here we show, both in vitro and in animal infections, that antibodies to Variant-specific Surface Proteins (VSPs) of the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia are not cytotoxic, inducing instead VSP clustering into liquid-ordered phase membrane microdomains that trigger a massive release of microvesicles carrying the original VSP and switch in expression to different VSPs by a calcium-dependent mechanism. This novel mechanism of surface antigen clearance throughout its release into microvesicles coupled to the stochastic induction of new phenotypic variants not only changes current paradigms of antigenic switching but also provides a new framework for understanding the course of protozoan infections as a host/parasite adaptive process.
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