ArticleRMD open2023
Possible role for IL-40 and IL-40-producing cells in the lymphocytic infiltrated salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Article in RMD open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- "IL-40: A novel immunoregulatory axis at the crossroads of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cancer immunity".Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Interleukin-40 in Systemic Sclerosis: A Treatment-Sensitive Marker of Immune Modulation Rather Than Disease Activity.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights into Oral Manifestations in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Deficiency of interleukin-40 prevents intestinal damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting NETosis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- IL40: A Newly Described Cytokine With Conflicting Measurements and Detection Variability-Are There Different Forms?Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Interleukin-40 as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unveiling Interleukin-40: A Novel Regulator of Macrophage and B Cell Function in Allergic Asthma.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative Investigation of Cardiac Injury Mediated by IL-40 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Pericardial Fluid and Serum.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Serum IL-40 is elevated in systemic sclerosis and is linked to disease activity, gastrointestinal involvement, immune regulation and fibrotic processes.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Interleukin-40 prevents multi-organ damage during sepsis by blocking NETosis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Increased serum levels of IL-40 are associated with IgA and NETosis biomarkers in Covid-19 patients: IL-40 and infectious diseases.PloS one · 2025Article
- Common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in primary Sjogren's syndrome and primary biliary cholangitis: from tissue immune microenvironment to targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Serum IL-40 increases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and correlates with some clinical characteristics and comorbidities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Serum IL-40 increases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and correlates with some clinical characteristics and comorbidities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Interleukin-40 as a Biomarker for Diagnosing Inflammatory Diseases.Autoimmune diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-40, a new cytokine associated with B cells homoeostasis and immune response, in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and in pSS-associated lymphomas.
methods29 patients with pSS and 24 controls were enrolled. Minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies from patients, controls and parotid gland biopsies from pSS-associated lymphoma were obtained. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-40 were performed on MSG. MSG cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum concentration of IL-40 was assessed by ELISA and cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry. An in vitro assay with recombinant IL-40 (rIL-40) was performed to detect the effect on cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
resultsIL-40 was significantly increased in the lymphocytic infiltrated MSG of patients with pSS and correlated with focus score and with IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β expression. In addition, IL-40 was increased in the serum of pSS and its levels correlated with the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index score. B cells from patients were shown to be the major source of IL-40 at both tissue and peripheral level. PBMCs from patients, exposed to rIL-40 in vitro, released proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-γ from B cells and T-CD8
conclusionOur results suggest that IL-40 may play a role in pSS pathogenesis and pSS-associated lymphomas.
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Registered trials
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