ReviewDrugs in R&D2023
Estetrol: From Preclinical to Clinical Pharmacology and Advances in the Understanding of the Molecular Mechanism of Action.
Review in Drugs in R&D, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hemostatic safety profile of estetrol vs. ethinylestradiol in oral contraceptives: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Estetrol and its implications for contraception, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer: an integrative review.Jornal vascular brasileiro · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and SCFA Changes After Alendronate-Calcitriol Therapy in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic considerations of selective estrogen receptor modulators for vascular protection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Multicentre Trial Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Estetrol-Drospirenone Combined Oral Contraceptive in Postmenarchal Female Adolescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy-Risks, Benefits and Emerging Options: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the effects of estrogen deficiency and aging on organismal homeostasis during menopause.Nature aging · 2024Review
- Estetrol/GPER/SERPINB2 transduction signaling inhibits the motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Experts' view on the role of oestrogens in combined oral contraceptives: emphasis on oestetrol (E4).Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- The benefits of estetrol addition to drospirenone for contraception.AJOG global reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Estetrol (E4) is the most recently described natural estrogen. It is produced by the human fetal liver during pregnancy and its physiological function remains unclear. E4 is the estrogenic component of a recently approved combined oral contraceptive. It is also in development for use as menopausal hormone therapy. In the context of these developments, the pharmacological activity of E4, alone or in combination with a progestin, has been extensively characterized in preclinical models as well as in clinical studies in women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women. Despite the clinical benefits, the use of oral estrogens for contraception or menopause is also associated with unwanted effects, such as an increased risk of breast cancer and thromboembolic events, due to their impact on non-target tissues. Preclinical and clinical data for E4 point to a tissue-specific activity and a more selective pharmacological profile compared with other estrogens, including a low impact on the liver and hemostasis balance. This review summarizes the characterization of the pharmacological properties of E4 as well as recent advances made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action driving its activity. How the unique mode of action and the different metabolism of E4 might support its favorable benefit-risk ratio is also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.