ArticleProceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine2024
Automated closed-loop stimulation to inhibit neurogenic bladder overactivity.
Article in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder Digital Twins for Neuromodulation: Current Platforms and a Roadmap to Closed-Loop Therapy.International neurourology journal · 2026Article
- From trade-offs to translation: An interdisciplinary roadmap for neurotechnology.Science advances · 2026Review
- Implantable bladder sensors for real-time urodynamics: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence in neuro-urology.Current urology · 2026Review
- Animal models of spinal cord injury in neuro-urological research.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Should We Consider Sacral Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction? ICI-RS 2025.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and spinal cord injury: current status, emerging technologies, and ethical perspectives.Frontiers in urology · 2026Article
- Validation of a Wireless Catheter-Free Ambulatory Urodynamics Device in Women With Neurogenic Bladder.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
- Can we improve techniques and patients' selection for nerve stimulation suitable for lower urinary tract dysfunctions? ICI-RS 2023.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2024Review
- Optimization of activity-driven event detection for long-term ambulatory urodynamics.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually develop neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), resulting in bladder urgency and incontinence, and reduced quality of life. Electrical stimulation of the genital nerves (GNS) can inhibit uncontrolled bladder contractions in individuals with SCI. An automated closed-loop bladder neuromodulation system currently does not exist but could improve this approach. We have developed a custom algorithm to identify bladder contractions and trigger stimulation from bladder pressure data without need for abdominal pressure measurement. The goal of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of automated closed-loop GNS using our custom algorithm to identify and inhibit reflex bladder contractions in real time. Experiments were conducted in a single session in a urodynamics laboratory in four individuals with SCI and NDO. Each participant completed standard cystometrograms without and with GNS. Our custom algorithm monitored bladder vesical pressure and controlled when GNS was turned on and off. The custom algorithm detected bladder contractions in real time, successfully inhibiting a total of 56 contractions across all four subjects. There were eight false positives, six of those occurring in one subject. It took approximately 4.0 ± 2.6 s for the algorithm to detect the onset of a bladder contraction and trigger stimulation. The algorithm maintained stimulation for approximately 3.5 ± 1.7 s, which was enough to inhibit activity and relieve feelings of urgency. Automated closed-loop stimulation was well-tolerated and subjects reported that algorithm decisions generally matched with their perceptions of bladder activity. The custom algorithm automatically, successfully identified bladder contractions to trigger stimulation to inhibit bladder contractions acutely. Closed-loop neuromodulation using our custom algorithm is feasible, but further testing is needed refine this approach for use in a home environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.