ArticleMolecular psychiatry2023
The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.
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Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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38citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Artificial intelligence role in advancement of human brain connectome studies.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive review for machine learning on neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Regional Cerebellar Volumetrics in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An ENIGMA-OCD Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in obsessive-compulsive disorder converge to a common brain network using coordinate network mapping.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Case Report: A Multimodal Treatment Approach Combining Multi-Target rTMS with a Modified, Largely Self-Administered, Clinician-Supervised Exposure and Response Prevention Protocol Using a Verbal Termination Cue in Two Patients with Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Aberrant brain functional connectivity is associated with clinical symptoms in tourette syndrome: a triple network model perspective.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sensorimotor circuit connectivity as a candidate biomarker for responsiveness to sertraline in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- "It Doesn't Matter Where OCD Comes From," or Does It?Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Functional connectivity changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder following exposure and response prevention.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Altered frontal and occipital cortical microstructure in obsessive-compulsive disorder - a multisite mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Regional, functional and transcriptomic decoding of multidimensional brain structure alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Altered neurodevelopmental trajectories of brain structure in Tourette syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity density alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with neurotransmitter and genetic profiles.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Toward trustworthy clinical AI for obsessive-compulsive disorder: reliability, generalizability, and interpretability of a transformer model across the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Disrupted Higher-Order Topology in OCD Brain Networks Revealed by Hodge Laplacian - an ENIGMA Study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Circuit-based neuromodulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of prior and emerging methods.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.Addiction biology · 2026Review
- Neural mechanisms underlying cognitive inflexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Differences in cortical gyrification and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between early- and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026Article
- Classifying Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from Resting-State EEG Using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Pilot Study.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
89 authors.
Willem B BruinAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. willembenjamin@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-0672-8903
Yoshinari AbeDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-8348-0801
Pino AlonsoDepartment of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
Alan AnticevicDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Lea L BackhausenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6482-1316
Srinivas BalachanderDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Nuria BargalloCIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Marcelo C BatistuzzoDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-1347-8241
Francesco BenedettiVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4949-856X
Sara Bertolin TriquellBellvitge Biomedical Research Insitute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1468-7862
Silvia BremDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Federico CalesellaVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
Beatriz CoutoLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Damiaan A J P DenysAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3191-3844
Marco A N EchevarriaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1127-3835
Goi Khia EngDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Sónia FerreiraLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Jamie D FeusnerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rachael G GraziopleneDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Patricia GrunerDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Joyce Y GuoUniversity of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kristen HagenMolde Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway.
Bjarne HansenBergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Yoshiyuki HiranoResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3844-3061
Marcelo Q HoexterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Fern Jaspers-FayerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-5107-4945
Selina KasprzakAmsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1605-2828
Minah KimDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-8668-0817
Kathrin KochDepartment of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4664-8016
Yoo Bin KwakDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jun Soo KwonDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-1060-1462
Luisa LazaroCIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8425-5750
Chiang-Shan R LiDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9393-1212
Christine LochnerSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-4766-3704
Rachel MarshDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2439-6305
Ignacio Martínez-ZalacaínBellvitge Biomedical Research Insitute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4036-0284
Jose M MenchonCIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6231-6524
Pedro S MoreiraLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Pedro MorgadoLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3880-3258
Akiko NakagawaResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Tomohiro NakaoGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Japan.
Janardhanan C NarayanaswamyNational Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Erika L NurmiDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jose C Pariente ZorrillaMagnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
John PiacentiniDivision of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4195-7194
Maria Picó-PérezLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Fabrizio PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3566-5494
Federica PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Christopher PittengerDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2117-9321
Janardhan Y C ReddyDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Daniela Rodriguez-ManriqueDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6867-0727
Yuki SakaiDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Eiji ShimizuResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6741-9338
Venkataram ShivakumarDepartment of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
Blair H SimpsonNeuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Carles Soriano-MasCIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4574-6597
Nuno SousaICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8755-5126
Gianfranco SpallettaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Emily R SternDepartment of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
S Evelyn StewartDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0994-6383
Philip R SzeszkoDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Jinsong TangDepartment of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3796-1377
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anders L ThorsenBergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Tokiko YoshidaResearch Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Hirofumi TomiyamaGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka-shi, Japan.
Benedetta VaiPsychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
Ilya M VeerDepartment of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ganesan VenkatasubramanianDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0949-898X
Nora C VetterDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Chris VriendAmsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Susanne WalitzaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Lea WallerDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3239-6957
Zhen WangShanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4319-5314
Anri WatanabeDepartment of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6753-1370
Nicole WolffDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Je-Yeon YunDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5531-2410
Qing ZhaoShanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao, China.
Wieke A van LeeuwenAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hein J F van MarleAmsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laurens A van de MortelAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Anouk van der StratenAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ysbrand D van der WerfAmsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2370-9584
ENIGMA-OCD Working Group
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Dan J SteinSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7218-7810
Odile A van den HeuvelAmsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9804-7653
Guido A van WingenAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. g.a.vanwingen@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0003-3076-5891
Funding
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MTR&D3: Intrinsic Surface MappingP41EB015922 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TOGA, ARTHUR W · 2012 to 2022
$14.1MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MENIGMA-COINSTAC-APOE2 Functional and structural connectome protective mechanisms for Alzheimer’s disease and mood disorders: Request for supplemental funds for NIH R01:1R01MH121246R01MH121246 · NIMH · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CALHOUN, VINCE D, TURNER, JESS · 2019 to 2023
$5.0MBehavioral and Neural Heterogeneity in OCD and DepressionR01MH126981 · NIMH · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI STERN, EMILY R · 2021 to 2025
$3.7MBrain Network Changes Accompanying and Predicting Responses to Pharmacotherapy in OCDR01MH116038 · NIMH · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTICEVIC, ALAN, PITTENGER, CHRISTOPHER JOHN · 2019 to 2023
$3.7MENIGMA World Aging CenterR01AG058854 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2021 to 2025
$3.3MENIGMA Parkinson’s Initiative: A Global Initiative for Parkinson’s DiseaseR01NS107513 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI POSTON, KATHLEEN LOMBARD, THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2021 to 2025
$3.2MHigh resolution mapping of the genetic risk for disease in the aging brainR01AG059874 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA · 2018 to 2022
$3.1MNeurobiology of sensory phenomena in obsessive-compulsive disorderR01MH111794 · NIMH · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI STERN, EMILY R · 2017 to 2021
$3.0MCognitive-Behavioral Therapy & Glutametergic Neurometabolites in Pediatric OCDR01MH081864 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI O'NEILL, JOSEPH, PIACENTINI, JOHN C. · 2008 to 2012
$3.0MControl and Reward Circuits as Targets for Repetitive Thoughts and BehaviorsR01MH104648 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI MARSH, RACHEL, SIMPSON, HELEN BLAIR · 2014 to 2017
$2.8MDBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance IA/CPHE/18/1/503956NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIA NIH HHS R01 AG058854NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015922NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH115206NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH121571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085900NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH104648NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111794NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116038NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121246NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121520NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH126213NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH126981NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH093889NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH101441NIMH NIH HHS R33 MH107589NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123163NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS107513Wellcome Trust
Abstract
Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1024 OCD patients and 1028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. We assessed group differences in whole-brain functional connectivity at both the regional and network level, and investigated whether functional connectivity could serve as biomarker to identify patient status at the individual level using machine learning analysis. The mega-analyses revealed widespread abnormalities in functional connectivity in OCD, with global hypo-connectivity (Cohen's d: -0.27 to -0.13) and few hyper-connections, mainly with the thalamus (Cohen's d: 0.19 to 0.22). Most hypo-connections were located within the sensorimotor network and no fronto-striatal abnormalities were found. Overall, classification performances were poor, with area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) scores ranging between 0.567 and 0.673, with better classification for medicated (AUC = 0.702) than unmedicated (AUC = 0.608) patients versus healthy controls. These findings provide partial support for existing pathophysiological models of OCD and highlight the important role of the sensorimotor network in OCD. However, resting-state connectivity does not so far provide an accurate biomarker for identifying patients at the individual level.
Indexed as
ConnectomeObsessive-Compulsive DisorderBiomarkersBrainBrain MappingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeural PathwaysBiomarkers
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