ArticleNature communications2023
State-level macro-economic factors moderate the association of low income with brain structure and mental health in U.S. children.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of children's mental health disorders and implications in pharmacotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Postgraduate medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A research agenda for understanding how social inequality is linked to brain structure and function.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Psychiatric and substance use disorder polygenic scores are associated with the exposome in youth.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multisystem Environmental Factors Elucidate Shared and Distinct Associations With Brain and Behavior in Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- White matter reflects the childhood exposome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sleep Disturbance Trajectories During Childhood and Early Adolescence Associated With Increased Suicide Risk.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health, the developing brain, and risk and resilience for psychopathology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Who Participates in Research and Why: Reducing Barriers to Diversifying Samples in Developmental Psychobiology.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- The effect of the "exposome" on developmental brain health and cognitive outcomes.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Considerations When Accounting for Race and Ethnicity in Studies of Poverty and Neurodevelopment.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- [Formula: see text] Unraveling the impact of child opportunity and medical factors on neuropsychological outcomes in school-age patients with critical congenital heart disease.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2026Observational
- Childhood SES gradients in adult functional limitations: Does state-level macro-economic context matter?Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Multivariate environmental exposures are reflected in whole-brain functional connectivity and cognition in youth.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Neighborhood and Family Socioeconomic Status on Adolescents' Internalizing Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Pubertal Development Trajectory.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2025Article
- A multi-ancestry polygenic risk score for Alzheimer disease is associated with cognitive decline, hippocampal atrophy and neuropathological hallmarks in diverse populations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Predictors of risk and resilience to psychopathology in refugee youth: A longitudinal study.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Human development, inequality, and their associations with brain structure across 29 countries.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Negative life events during early adolescence are associated with neural deactivation to emotional stimuli.Brain and cognition · 2025Article
- Debate: Urban versus rural environments - which is better for mental health? The one good thing about a small town….Child and adolescent mental health · 2025Review
- Macropsychology: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Psychology Literature on Public Policy and Law.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrostructural characteristics, such as cost of living and state-level anti-poverty programs relate to the magnitude of socioeconomic disparities in brain development and mental health. In this study we leveraged data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study from 10,633 9-11 year old youth (5115 female) across 17 states. Lower income was associated with smaller hippocampal volume and higher internalizing psychopathology. These associations were stronger in states with higher cost of living. However, in high cost of living states that provide more generous cash benefits for low-income families, socioeconomic disparities in hippocampal volume were reduced by 34%, such that the association of family income with hippocampal volume resembled that in the lowest cost of living states. We observed similar patterns for internalizing psychopathology. State-level anti-poverty programs and cost of living may be confounded with other factors related to neurodevelopment and mental health. However, the patterns were robust to controls for numerous state-level social, economic, and political characteristics. These findings suggest that state-level macrostructural characteristics, including the generosity of anti-poverty policies, are potentially relevant for addressing the relationship of low income with brain development and mental health.
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