ArticlePlant molecular biology2023
Subcritical water extraction of Equisetum arvense biomass withdraws cell wall fractions that trigger plant immune responses and disease resistance.
Article in Plant molecular biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural insights into glycan recognition by plant immune receptors: a comparative perspective with animal innate immune systems.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Zymoseptoria tritici stealth infection is facilitated by stage-specific downregulation of a β-glucanase.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Linear β-1,2-glucans trigger immune hallmarks and enhance disease resistance in plants.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Dynamics and mechanics of plant cell walls: insights into plant growth, defence, and stress response.Plant molecular biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex structures mainly made up of carbohydrate and phenolic polymers. In addition to their structural roles, cell walls function as external barriers against pathogens and are also reservoirs of glycan structures that can be perceived by plant receptors, activating Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Since these PTI-active glycans are usually released upon plant cell wall degradation, they are classified as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Identification of DAMPs imply their extraction from plant cell walls by using multistep methodologies and hazardous chemicals. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been shown to be an environmentally sustainable alternative and a simplified methodology for the generation of glycan-enriched fractions from different cell wall sources, since it only involves the use of water. Starting from Equisetum arvense cell walls, we have explored two different SWE sequential extractions (isothermal at 160 ºC and using a ramp of temperature from 100 to 160 ºC) to obtain glycans-enriched fractions, and we have compared them with those generated with a standard chemical-based wall extraction. We obtained SWE fractions enriched in pectins that triggered PTI hallmarks in Arabidopsis thaliana such as calcium influxes, reactive oxygen species production, phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases and overexpression of immune-related genes. Notably, application of selected SWE fractions to pepper plants enhanced their disease resistance against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These data support the potential of SWE technology in extracting PTI-active fractions from plant cell wall biomass containing DAMPs and the use of SWE fractions in sustainable crop production.
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