Limiting Factors in Implementing Pharmacovigilance Principles in the Elderly.

The overarching aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safe and effective usage of medication across the population and optimise medicines through holistic considerations. However, within the heterogeneous elderly population, several unique factors are at play, limiting the ability of clinicians to fulfil this aim. A matured physiology influencing the response and effects of drugs, increased polypharmacy enabling drug-drug interactions, and greater consumption of concurrent herbal medicines predispose patients to harmful drug events. This increasingly multimorbid subpopulation requires complex pharmaceutical regimens encouraging inappropriate prescribing and medicine non-adherence leading to suboptimal therapy. Furthermore, restrictive practices in clinical trials commonly exclude elderly patients creating disparities from expected findings within a real-world setting. These issues create an environment where elderly patients are at a heightened risk of adverse drug events and clinicians are forced to make significant decisions from limited information. With projections showing that this demographic will continue growing in size, the true burden of these limiting factors is yet to be realised.