Observational studyJournal of veterinary internal medicine
Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation-ORCA study-Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control.
Observational study in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-anaesthetic risk assessment and management of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease: a spectrum of care narrative review.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Review
- Effect of amiodarone, diltiazem, or both to achieve strict heart rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Signalment, clinical characteristics, and echocardiographic findings in dogs affected by secondary atrial fibrillation with and without concomitant frequent and complex ventricular arrhythmias.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Non-linear RR interval metrics in canine atrial fibrillation and their relationship to 24-h mean heart rate.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Ability of Surface Electrocardiography in Predicting Ventricular Arrhythmias in Dogs with Secondary Atrial Fibrillation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in apparently healthy, large breed dogs during seven-day Holter monitoring.PloS one · 2025Article
- Arrhythmias across the tree of life: comparative insights for human electrophysiology.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Management of two dogs with post-operative new-onset persistent atrial fibrillation following mitral valve repair.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation in the Dog: A Systematic Review.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Daily Heart Rate Variability in Dogs With Atrial Fibrillation.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Longitudinal analysis of echocardiographic and cardiac biomarker variables in dogs with atrial fibrillation: The optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation II study.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation-ORCA study-Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control.Journal of veterinary internal medicineObservational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe optimal heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Impact of HR on survival needs elucidation. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesDogs with a 24 hours Holter-derived meanHR ≤125 beats per minute (bpm; rate controlled) survive longer than dogs with higher meanHR. We further aimed to determine which variables predict ability to achieving rate control. ANIMALS: Sixty dogs with AF.
methodsHolter-derived meanHR, clinical, echocardiographic, and biomarker variables were analyzed prospectively. Survival was recorded from time of rate control, with all-cause mortality as primary endpoint. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR ≤125 bpm vs >125 bpm. Logistic regression explored baseline variables associated with inability to achieve rate control.
resultsStructural heart disease was present in 56/60 dogs, 50/60 had congestive heart failure, and 45/60 died. Median time to all-cause death was 160 days (range, 88-303 days), dogs with meanHR >125 bpm (n = 27) lived 33 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 15-141 days), dogs with meanHR ≤125 bpm (n = 33) lived 608 days (95% CI, 155-880 days; P < .0001). Congenital heart disease and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with higher risk of death (P < .01 and <.0001, respectively) whereas meanHR ≤125 bpm decreased the risk of death (P < .001). Increased left atrial size, increased C-reactive protein concentration and lower blood pressure at admission were associated with failure to achieve rate control. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Rate control affects survival; an optimal target meanHR <125 bpm should be sought in dogs with AF. Baseline patient variables can help predict if rate control is achievable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.