ArticleNature food2020
Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation.
Article in Nature food, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of the effects of nanoplastics on fish.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Occurrence, transport, and toxicity of microplastics in tropical food chains: perspectives view and way forward.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2024Pooled it
- Micro- and nanoplastics in pediatric health: from placental transfer to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Microplastics and nanoplastics in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanistic plausibility, human evidence and future research priorities.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Can Micro- and Nanoplastics Modify Food-Allergy-Relevant Pathways?-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food: Dietary Toxicology Beyond Particle Counts.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Nurturing People and Planet: Breastfeeding in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation.Frontiers in sustainable food systems · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Influence of Filter Substrates on Raman Measurements of Microplastics.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Microplastics at the Intersection of Toxicology, Child Health, and Human Rights.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Possible Role of Gut Microbiota in Polypropylene Microplastics-Induced Immunity and Reproductive Dysfunction in Mice.Toxics · 2026Article
- Microplastics in early-onset carcinogenesis.Carcinogenesis · 2026Review
- Emerging role of microplastics and nanoplastics in children's health.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Review
- Dietary Intake of Micro- and Nanoplastics: Potential Adverse GI Effects on Microbiome, Inflammation, and Neoplasia.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Micro-and Nano-Plastic Exposure as an Emerging Risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Formation and Transformation of Micro(nano)plastics: Mechanisms and Environmental Health Implications.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Microplastics Released from Disposable Food-Handling Gloves: Role of Material Type and Food Simulant.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- MagNanoTrap Enrichment Empowers Ultra-Sensitive Quantification of Mixed Nanoplastic Particles From Environmental Water Samples.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Microplastics in Female Reproductive and Pregnancy Organs: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Polypropylene-based products are commonly used for food preparation and storage, but their capacity to release microplastics is poorly understood. We investigated the potential exposure of infants to microplastics from consuming formula prepared in polypropylene (PP) infant feeding bottles (IFBs). Here, we show that PP IFBs release microplastics with values as high as 16,200,000 particles per litre. Scenario studies showed that PP IFB sterilization and exposure to high-temperature water significantly increase microplastic release. A 21-d test of PP IFBs showed periodic fluctuations in microplastic release. To estimate the potential global exposure to infants up to 12 months old, we surveyed 48 regions, finding values ranging from 14,600-4,550,000 particles per capita per day, depending on the region. We demonstrate that infant exposure to microplastics is higher than was previously recognized due to the prevalence of PP-based products used in formula preparation and highlight an urgent need to assess whether exposure to microplastics at these levels poses a risk to infant health.
Identifiers
37128027What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.