ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2023
Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in older Americans with diabetes.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative study on the predictive value of PNI and GNRI for all-cause mortality rates of elderly patients in cardiac care unit and cardiovascular intensive care unit.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
- Article
- Association between malnutrition and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chinese adults with hypertension: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and all-cause mortality in centenarians, with a focus on nonlinear and threshold effects: a multi-method observational study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The combined effect of geriatric nutritional risk index and abdominal obesity on peripheral arterial disease in an elderly hypertensive population: a longitudinal cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Joint Associations of the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index and Frailty with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- CGM-Based Glycemic Metrics Support Estimating Nutritional Risk After Total Pancreatectomy: An Exploratory Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Independent predictive role of nutritional markers in kidney function decline and mortality in diabetes.Metabolism open · 2025Article
- Mortality Risk of Sarcopenia and Malnutrition in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index with the risk of frailty and mortality in the elderly population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predictive values of four nutritional indices for adverse outcomes in patients with hypertension.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Article
- Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoporotic fractures: a retrospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and overactive bladder in the elderly population: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Among US Elderly Adults With Diabetic Nephropathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Association between malnutrition and adverse renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Association of inflammation geriatric nutritional risk index with all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with osteoarthritis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and cognitive function in older adults with/without chronic kidney disease.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- The geriatric nutritional risk index is related to adverse hospitalization outcomes in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsFew studies have examined the relationship between malnutrition, as defined by the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI), and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality events, particularly in persons with diabetes. The study aimed at the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in older Americans with diabetes.
methodsData from this retrospective study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) 1999-2016. Using data from The NHANES Public-Use Linked Mortality Files to assess all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM). After excluding participants younger than 60 years and without diabetes, and with missing follow-up data, 4400 cases were left in this study. Persons with diabetes were divided by GNRI into 3 groups: GNRI ≥ 98; 92 ≤ GNRI < 98; and GNRI < 92; (No; Low; Moderate/Severe (M/S) group). We used Cox proportional hazard regression model to explore the predictive role of GNRI on ACM and CVM in elderly persons with diabetes. Restricted cubic splines to investigate the existence of a dose-response linear relationship between them.
resultDuring a median follow-up period of 89 months, a total of 538 (12.23%) cardiovascular deaths occurred and 1890 (42.95%) all-cause deaths occurred. Multifactorial COX regression analysis showed all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.672-3.994, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.063-4.936, p = 0.034) associated with M/S group risk of malnutrition in GNRI compared to no group. A negative association between GNRI and all-cause mortality was observed across gender and ethnicity. However, the same negative association between GNRI and cardiovascular mortality was observed only for males (HR:0.94, 95% CI:0.905-0.974, p < 0.001) and other races (HR:0.92, 95% CI:0.861-0.976, p = 0.007). And there was no significant correlation between low malnutrition and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.076). Restricted cubic splines showed a nonlinear relationship between GNRI and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (non-linear p < 0.001, non-linear p = 0.019).
conclusionsLower GNRI levels are associated with mortality in older patients with diabetes. GNRI may be a predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality risk in older patients with diabetes.
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