ArticleBMC pediatrics2023
The effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty in children: a case-control study.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Urinary Metabolites of Parabens and Bisphenol a with Premature Thelarche among a Sample of Iranian GirlsJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Risk factors and preventive strategies for precocious puberty: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Precocious puberty in a rural Guatemalan boy: Unraveling the role of malnutrition and psychosocial stress.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Intergenerational transitions in age at menarche: insights from Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, India.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Investigation of vitamin D deficiency in girls with growth and development variations-a single center study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between dietary behavior and puberty in girls.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Multi-omic analysis of precocious puberty girls: pathway changes and metabolite validation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecently the prevalence of precocious puberty development is increasing among Chinese children. Proper understanding of the risk factors for precocious puberty in children is pivotal as could help to improve children's health. This study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty in children.
methodsWe matched the cases and controls by age at the ratio of 1:1 (201 cases and 201 controls) for girls and 1:4 (24 cases and 96 controls) for boys. We used conditional logistic regression to explore the effect of environmental factors on precocious puberty, and a random forest model to identify the most important risk factor.
resultsIn the multivariate regression, cesarean section (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.76), child body mass index [BMI] (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.43), maternal BMI (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.26), and exposure to secondhand smoke several times a month but less than once a week (OR = 4.09, 95%CI: 1.79,9.35), and almost every day (OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.14, 19.56) were risk factors for precocious puberty in girls. While maternal height (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.88), paternal height (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.98), bedtime at night (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.51), and night sleep (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.86) were protective factors. In boys, only exposure to secondhand smoke several times a month but less than once a week (OR = 7.94, 95% CI: 1.25, 50.33) was a risk factor for precocious puberty. In the random forest model, Child BMI was the most important risk factor for precocious puberty in girls.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that environmental factors were associated with precocious puberty in children, particularly in girls.
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