ArticleJournal of molecular cell biology2023
Human galectin-9 potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation in airway epithelial cells.
Article in Journal of molecular cell biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-9 is a restrictor of infection with multiple enteroviruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Host Glycan-Lectin Interplay in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Proteomic Analysis of COVID-19 Infection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Organoids in respiratory virus research: advances and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Peripheral transcriptional responses to experimental SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in North American elk cows and calves.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Identification of SARS-CoV-2-binding lectins on a commercial lectin array.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 triggers activation of immune evasion machinery similar to the one operated by cancer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exogenous Galectin-9 prevents peri-implantitis in rats by regulating macrophage polarization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?Heliyon · 2024Review
- A viral assembly inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelial cells.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The Role of Cytokines and Molecular Pathways in Lung Fibrosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Physiopathologic (Re)view.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Plasma galectin-9 levels correlate with blood monocyte turnover and predict simian/human immunodeficiency virus disease progression.Translational medicine communications · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation, and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A Novel Viral Assembly Inhibitor Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Airway Epithelial Cells.Research square · 2023Article
- Immunological profiling in long COVID: overall low grade inflammation and T-lymphocyte senescence and increased monocyte activation correlating with increasing fatigue severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- An Executed Plan to Combat COVID-19 in the United States.Advances in anesthesia · 2022Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Pulmonary Fibrosis Post-COVID-19: Focus on Galectin-1, -3, -8, -9.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused a global economic and health crisis. Recently, plasma levels of galectin-9 (Gal-9), a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and viral immunopathogenesis, were reported to be elevated in the setting of severe COVID-19 disease. However, the impact of Gal-9 on SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunopathology remained to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Gal-9 treatment potently enhances SARS-CoV-2 replication in human airway epithelial cells (AECs), including immortalized AECs and primary AECs cultured at the air-liquid interface. Gal-9-glycan interactions promote SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into AECs in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent manner, enhancing the binding of the viral spike protein to ACE2. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Gal-9 and SARS-CoV-2 infection synergistically induced the expression of key pro-inflammatory programs in AECs, including the IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, EIF2, and TNFα signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that manipulation of Gal-9 should be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.