ArticleDiabetes care2023
Distinct Insulin Physiology Trajectories in Euglycemic Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Diabetes care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between early diagnosis of gestational diabetes and maternal-neonatal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the digest trial.Endocrine · 2026Trial
- Positive impact of a 10-min walk immediately after glucose intake on postprandial glucose levels.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Blood Trihalomethane Concentrations and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Current medical science · 2026Article
- LASSO regression-derived first-trimester (9-14Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Fetal sex-specific differences in the placental transcriptome of gestational diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Early pregnancy meal tolerance test responses and their association with later insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese women: an exploratory analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Exploration of Early Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women Living Without Obesity.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Mediating effects of maternal blood lipids and glucose on the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index and newborn birth weight in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Evaluation of biomarkers and immune microenvironment of gestational diabetes mellitus evidence from omics data and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A new paradigm of islet adaptations in human pregnancy: insights from immunohistochemistry and proteomics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exploring associations between the Phthalate Environmental Reproductive Health Literacy (PERHL) scale & biomarkers of phthalate exposure: A pilot study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- What Is Gestational Diabetes-Really?Diabetes · 2025Review
- Integrating Spatial and Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Data to Assess the Effects of Intrauterine Hyperglycemia on Fetal Pancreatic Development.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Associations of personal care product use during pregnancy and the postpartum period with markers of postpartum glycemic control - Results from the ERGO Study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) risk in early pregnancy based on clinical data and ultrasound information: a nomogram.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in GDM A1 vs Healthy Pregnancy: A Comparative Study Using METS-IR and TyG Index.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- The impact of weight loss in early pregnancy on the incidence of late gestational diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Relationship Between 1,5 Anhydroglucitol, Glycemia, and Breastfeeding During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Pilot Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Analysis of early-pregnancy metabolome in early- and late-onset gestational diabetes reveals distinct associations with maternal overweight.Diabetologia · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate changes in insulin physiology in euglycemic pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsParticipants underwent oral glucose tolerance tests at ≤15 weeks' gestation (early pregnancy), 24-32 weeks' gestation (mid-late pregnancy), and 6-24 weeks postpartum. We evaluated longitudinal changes in insulin secretory response (log Stumvoll first-phase estimate) and insulin sensitivity (log Matsuda index) using linear mixed models. We then evaluated participants who met GDM criteria in early pregnancy (early GDM) and mid-late pregnancy (classic GDM) separately from those without GDM. We derived the pregnancy insulin physiology (PIP) index to quantify β-cell compensation for insulin resistance.
resultsAmong 166 participants, 21 had early GDM and 24 developed classic GDM. Insulin sensitivity was reduced slightly in early pregnancy (β = -0.20, P < 0.001) and substantially in mid-late pregnancy (β = -0.47, P < 0.001) compared with postpartum. Insulin secretory response (adjusted for insulin sensitivity) was augmented in early pregnancy (β = 0.16, P < 0.001) and mid-late pregnancy (β = 0.16, P = 0.001) compared with postpartum. Compared with postpartum, the PIP index was augmented in early pregnancy (β = 215, P = 0.04) but not mid-late pregnancy (β = 55, P = 0.64). Early GDM was distinguished by a substantial reduction in early pregnancy insulin sensitivity (β = -0.59, P < 0.001) compared with postpartum. Both early and classic GDM lacked evidence of early pregnancy augmentation of insulin secretory response (adjusted for insulin sensitivity) and the PIP index (P > 0.1 vs. postpartum). Early pregnancy PIP index predicted GDM independent of participant characteristics (area under the curve without PIP index 0.70 [95% CI 0.61-0.79], area under the curve with PIP index 0.87 [95% CI 0.80-0.93]).
conclusionsβ-Cell function is enhanced in early pregnancy. Deficient first-trimester β-cell function predicts GDM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.