ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
IMI-Onset and Progression of Myopia in Young Adults.
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness and Acceptability of Dual-focus Soft Contact Lenses for Controlling Rapid Progressive Myopia in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Management of Myopia in University Students Using Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment (DIMS) Spectacle Lenses.
Dual-focus Soft Contact Lenses for the Treatment of Adult Myopia Progression
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological mechanisms of atropine in myopia control (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Pooled it
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Differential Impact of 0.01% and 0.05% Atropine Eyedrops on Ocular Surface in Young Adults.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Retinal Arteriosclerosis and Fundus Photograph-Defined Glaucoma in Young Adults: Findings from the Gangnam Eye Cohort.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Global and Regional Burden of Refraction Disorders In Children, Adolescents and Young Adults from 1990 to 2021: Trends, Inequalities and Future Predictions with Machine Learning.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Myopia Prevalence, Ocular Metrics and Visual Activity in United States Optometry Students.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Eight-Year Post-Trial Outcomes of a Two-Year Clinical Trial of DIMS Spectacle Lenses.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Interocular differential axial growth and refractive progression in children with myopic anisometropia treated with spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Associations Between Choroidal Structural Parameters and Cone Photoreceptors in Young High Myopia.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Distribution and Time Trends of Refractive Errors in Japanese Spectacle Wearers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Associations Between Carotenoid Status, Visual Outcomes and Cognitive Metrics in Children: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Anisometropia and Its Related Traits: Ocular, Systemic, and Genetic Characteristics-Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Myopia Trends in Europe: A Reappraisal of Current Evidence.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Randomized Clinical Trial of Diffusion Optics Technology Spectacle Lenses in a Chinese Population (CATHAY): 12-Month Results.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Prediction of axial elongation in adults with high myopia: the Wenzhou High Myopia Cohort Study.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Axial length, myopia progression, and myopic maculopathy in Stickler syndrome.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Adult myopia progression in high myopes aged 18-25 years: evidence from a population-based cohort.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Myopia control efficacy of annular microstructure defocus spectacle lenses: a 1-year multicenter study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- S-Cone Retinal Pathway Dysfunction in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Consensus on evidence gaps and unmet needs in childhood myopia: findings from a European Delphi study with eye care professionals and payers.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia typically starts and progresses during childhood, but onset and progression can occur during adulthood. The goals of this review are to summarize published data on myopia onset and progression in young adults, aged 18 to 40 years, to characterize myopia in this age group, to assess what is currently known, and to highlight the gaps in the current understanding. Specifically, the peer-reviewed literature was reviewed to: characterize the timeline and age of stabilization of juvenile-onset myopia; estimate the frequency of adult-onset myopia; evaluate the rate of myopia progression in adults, regardless of age of onset, both during the college years and later; describe the rate of axial elongation in myopic adults; identify risk factors for adult onset and progression; report myopia progression and axial elongation in adults who have undergone refractive surgery; and discuss myopia management and research study design. Adult-onset myopia is common, representing a third or more of all myopia in western populations, but less in East Asia, where onset during childhood is high. Clinically meaningful myopia progression continues in early adulthood and may average 1.00 diopters (D) between 20 and 30 years. Higher levels of myopia are associated with greater absolute risk of myopia-related ocular disease and visual impairment, and thus myopia in this age group requires ongoing management. Modalities established for myopia control in children would be options for adults, but it is difficult to predict their efficacy. The feasibility of studies of myopia control in adults is limited by the long duration required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.